CBIC EXAM SCRIPT 2026 FULL SOLUTION
PRACTICE
◉ How are prions destroyed. Answer: sterilization
◉ What are parasites. Answer: an organism that lives in or on a host
and gets food from or at the expense of a host
◉ What is giardia? How is it transmitted? What are the signs and
symptoms? How is it treated. Answer: microscopic parasite common
in areas with poor sanitation and unsafe water; waterborne, also
transmitted through food and person-to-person contact. S/S: watery
and foul-smelling diarrhea, fatigue, malaise, abdominal cramps,
bloating, nausea, weight loss, and belching gas with bad test.
Typically last 2-4 weeks; Tx: mild cases resolve on their own, severe
case treated with antibiotics
◉ How does tapeworm infestations occur? Describe invasive vs
intestinal infestations. What are the signs and symptoms? How is it
treated?. Answer: infestation occurs when food or water
contaminated with eggs or larvae; invasive infection occurs when
eggs migrate out of intestines and form cysts in bodily tissue and
organs; intestinal infection is when an adult tapeworm develops in
the intestines. S/S: intestinal tapeworms usually cause no signs or
symptoms, but sometimes nausea, weakness, loss of appetite,
,abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss; invasive infections can
lead to tissue damage, symptoms including fever, allergic reaction to
larvae, bacterial infections, cystic masses or lumps, and seizures; Tx:
many types exit on their own; medications that are toxic to
tapeworms include praziquantel, albendazole, and nitazoxanide; for
invasive infections, anthelmintic drugs can be used to shrink the
cyst; if the tapeworm is dying, anti-inflammatory therapy and
corticosteroids
◉ What are pinworms? What are the signs and symptoms? How is it
treated?. Answer: most common intestinal worm in U.S; S/S: itching
of anus or vaginal area, insomnia, pain, and nausea; Tx: antiparasite
medication often given to whole household
◉ What are lice? What are the signs and symptoms? How is it
treated?. Answer: parasitic insects that feed on blood; S/S: intense
itching and small red bumps on scalp, neck, and shoulders; Tx:
special shampoo, benzyl alcohol lotion, or lindane
◉ What is myiasis? How is it treated?. Answer: maggot infestation;
Tx: surgical removal, then site dressed and antibiotics given;
cutaneous myiasis treated with thick coat of petroleum jelly, which
robs the larvae of oxygen supply and moves them to the surface for
easy removal; all types can be treated with oral or topical ivermectin
◉ What is scabies? What are the signs and symptoms? How is it
treated?. Answer: itchy skin condition caused by Sarcoptes scabiei (a
,mite); contagious; S/S: itchiness, burrow tracks made up of tiny
bumps on skin; Tx: meds such as permethrin 5% lindane or oral
ivermectin
◉ What is a reservoir?. Answer: the environment or habitat where
the pathogen lives, grows, and reproduces. Can include humans,
animals, water, soil, and insects.
◉ What is the mode of transmission? What are the different modes?.
Answer: allows a pathogen to move from its reservoir to its
susceptible host; direct, indirect, airborne, vehicle, vector
◉ Describe direct transmission.. Answer: either direct contact with
the pathogen or with an infected droplet
◉ Describe indirect transmission.. Answer: movement of an
infectious agent from the reservoir to the host by an inanimate
object
◉ Describe airborne transmission.. Answer: pathogen is carried in
dust or droplets in the air that remain in place long enough to infect
an exposed person. Ex: measles
◉ Describe vehicle transmission.. Answer: person comes in contact
with an infectious product that's in water, blood, or other objects
, ◉ Describe vector transmission.. Answer: live beings (ex: ticks,
mosquitoes) that spread infections by direct mechanical means, like
an insect bite
◉ What are the 4 protective precautions?. Answer: Standard,
contact, airborne, droplet
◉ What are standard precautions?. Answer: apply to all blood and
bodily fluids, and all patients regardless of diagnosis
◉ What are contact precautions?. Answer: prevent any direct or
indirect contact transmissions, like those contained in diarrhea,
wounds, and herpes simplex
◉ What are airborne precautions?. Answer: prevent airborne
transmission microbes (ex: TB); includes HEPA mask and negative
pressure room
◉ What are droplet precautions?. Answer: prevent transmission
from cough or sneeze. Masks
◉ What are the factors that affect a host's susceptibility?. Answer:
age, heredity, level of stress, nutritional status, current medications
and treatment, and diseases and other chronic conditions
PRACTICE
◉ How are prions destroyed. Answer: sterilization
◉ What are parasites. Answer: an organism that lives in or on a host
and gets food from or at the expense of a host
◉ What is giardia? How is it transmitted? What are the signs and
symptoms? How is it treated. Answer: microscopic parasite common
in areas with poor sanitation and unsafe water; waterborne, also
transmitted through food and person-to-person contact. S/S: watery
and foul-smelling diarrhea, fatigue, malaise, abdominal cramps,
bloating, nausea, weight loss, and belching gas with bad test.
Typically last 2-4 weeks; Tx: mild cases resolve on their own, severe
case treated with antibiotics
◉ How does tapeworm infestations occur? Describe invasive vs
intestinal infestations. What are the signs and symptoms? How is it
treated?. Answer: infestation occurs when food or water
contaminated with eggs or larvae; invasive infection occurs when
eggs migrate out of intestines and form cysts in bodily tissue and
organs; intestinal infection is when an adult tapeworm develops in
the intestines. S/S: intestinal tapeworms usually cause no signs or
symptoms, but sometimes nausea, weakness, loss of appetite,
,abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss; invasive infections can
lead to tissue damage, symptoms including fever, allergic reaction to
larvae, bacterial infections, cystic masses or lumps, and seizures; Tx:
many types exit on their own; medications that are toxic to
tapeworms include praziquantel, albendazole, and nitazoxanide; for
invasive infections, anthelmintic drugs can be used to shrink the
cyst; if the tapeworm is dying, anti-inflammatory therapy and
corticosteroids
◉ What are pinworms? What are the signs and symptoms? How is it
treated?. Answer: most common intestinal worm in U.S; S/S: itching
of anus or vaginal area, insomnia, pain, and nausea; Tx: antiparasite
medication often given to whole household
◉ What are lice? What are the signs and symptoms? How is it
treated?. Answer: parasitic insects that feed on blood; S/S: intense
itching and small red bumps on scalp, neck, and shoulders; Tx:
special shampoo, benzyl alcohol lotion, or lindane
◉ What is myiasis? How is it treated?. Answer: maggot infestation;
Tx: surgical removal, then site dressed and antibiotics given;
cutaneous myiasis treated with thick coat of petroleum jelly, which
robs the larvae of oxygen supply and moves them to the surface for
easy removal; all types can be treated with oral or topical ivermectin
◉ What is scabies? What are the signs and symptoms? How is it
treated?. Answer: itchy skin condition caused by Sarcoptes scabiei (a
,mite); contagious; S/S: itchiness, burrow tracks made up of tiny
bumps on skin; Tx: meds such as permethrin 5% lindane or oral
ivermectin
◉ What is a reservoir?. Answer: the environment or habitat where
the pathogen lives, grows, and reproduces. Can include humans,
animals, water, soil, and insects.
◉ What is the mode of transmission? What are the different modes?.
Answer: allows a pathogen to move from its reservoir to its
susceptible host; direct, indirect, airborne, vehicle, vector
◉ Describe direct transmission.. Answer: either direct contact with
the pathogen or with an infected droplet
◉ Describe indirect transmission.. Answer: movement of an
infectious agent from the reservoir to the host by an inanimate
object
◉ Describe airborne transmission.. Answer: pathogen is carried in
dust or droplets in the air that remain in place long enough to infect
an exposed person. Ex: measles
◉ Describe vehicle transmission.. Answer: person comes in contact
with an infectious product that's in water, blood, or other objects
, ◉ Describe vector transmission.. Answer: live beings (ex: ticks,
mosquitoes) that spread infections by direct mechanical means, like
an insect bite
◉ What are the 4 protective precautions?. Answer: Standard,
contact, airborne, droplet
◉ What are standard precautions?. Answer: apply to all blood and
bodily fluids, and all patients regardless of diagnosis
◉ What are contact precautions?. Answer: prevent any direct or
indirect contact transmissions, like those contained in diarrhea,
wounds, and herpes simplex
◉ What are airborne precautions?. Answer: prevent airborne
transmission microbes (ex: TB); includes HEPA mask and negative
pressure room
◉ What are droplet precautions?. Answer: prevent transmission
from cough or sneeze. Masks
◉ What are the factors that affect a host's susceptibility?. Answer:
age, heredity, level of stress, nutritional status, current medications
and treatment, and diseases and other chronic conditions
