Essentials of Psychology (SSC130) Quizzes 1-6 + Final Exam Q&A's Latest 2025-26.

Essentials of Psychology (SSC130) Quizzes 1-6 + Final Exam Q&A's Latest 2025-26. Quiz 1: Psychology: The Science of the Mind 1. Trephining is the term used to explain how, seven thousand years ago, a. Animal spirits were able to inhabit a person’s body. b. A hole was made in a patient’s skull to allow the escape of evil spirits. c. Bumps on a person’s skull explained their personality. d. Intelligence was transmitted through the brain. 2. The branches out from the spinal cord and brain and reaches the extremities of the body. a. Limbic system b. Peripheral nervous system c. Reflex system d. Central nervous system 3. Which of the following statements regarding processing is true? a. Top-down processing allows you to fill in the gaps in an incomplete or ambiguous pattern. b. Bottom-up processing is guided by experience, expectations, and motivations. c. Bottom-up processing allows you to fill in the gaps in an incomplete or ambiguous pattern. d. Top-down processing is a process of recognizing and processing components of a pattern. 4. Taste buds wear out and are replaced every days. a. 10 b. 15 c. 5 d. 20 5. is involved in memory capabilities. Diminished production of this neurotransmitter may be related to Alzheimer's disease. a. Epinephrine b. Norepinephrine c. Acetylcholine d. Dopamine6. If you predict that the more years of education employees have, the higher their income will be, you’re expecting to find a a. Positive correlation. b. Variable. c. Hypothesis. d. Negative correlation. 7. In an experiment, all participants receive a treatment, but those in the control group receive a false treatment, which is called a a. Placebo. b. Drug treatment. c. Lie. d. Psychological anomaly. 8. People with Parkinson’s disease have a deficiency of which neurotransmitter? a. Norepinephrine b. Acetylcholine c. Epinephrine d. Dopamine 9. You’ll need to select a sample that represents a larger group when you’re conducting a. Naturalistic observation. b. A case study. c. Archival research. d. Survey research. 10. Agatha maintains that people are capable of freely making voluntary choices. Constance is mainly focused on how aggression is caused by genetic inheritance. It seems reasonable to assume that Constance is not much interested in environmental factors impacting behavior while Agatha rejects a. Introspection. b. Mental processes. c. Determinism. d. Heredity.11. In neuron, the myelin sheath serves to insulate a. The cell body. b. The axon. c. Terminal buttons. d. Dendrites. 12. Mental processes encompass a. The firing of the synapses in the brain. b. Skills, levels, and functioning of the brain. c. Thoughts, emotions, perceptions, reasoning processes, and memories. d. Intuition and speculation. 13. You study a sample of 100 high school students and find that student IQ scores increase significantly as the level of reported parental income increases. You can conclude from this that a. Higher parental income causes an increase in children’s IQ scores. b. There’s a positive correlation between parental income and children’s IQ scores. c. There’s a negative relationship between parental income and children’s IQ scores. d. Students get smarter when their parents earn more money. 14. Where does most processing of visual images take place? a. Visual cortex b. Rods c. Optic chiasm d. Cones 15. A reflex, like automatically removing your hand from a hot stove, involves pain messages sent to the spinal cord by way of neurons, while the movement of your hand is controlled by neurons. a. Somatic; sensory b. Somatic; sympathetic c. Motor; sensory d. Sensory; motor16. The body’s voluntary movements are mostly controlled by which part of the cerebral cortex? a. Occipital lobe b. Movement lobe c. Frontal lobe d. Temporal lobe 17. The of the inner ear consist of three tubes containing fluid that sloshes through them when the head moves, signaling rotational or angular movement to the brain. a. Semicircular canals b. Hammer c. Stirrups d. Anvils 18. The five basic perspectives that comprise psychological theory are a. Experimental, Gestalt, Introspection, Structuralism, and Functionalism. b. Humanistic, Existential, Cognitive, Behavioral, and Introspection. c. Psychoanalysis, Gestalt, Behavioral, Cognitive, and Functionalism. d. Neuroscience, Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Cognitive, and Humanistic. 19. Lorraine and Albert are discussing neurotransmitters while getting ready for an exam. Lorraine maintains that dendrites receive and sort both excitatory and inhibitory messages. Albert, on the other hand, argues it’s endorphins that complete the selection process. Who is correct? a. Albert b. Lorraine c. Neither Lorraine nor Albert d. Both Lorraine and Albert 20. A researcher is conducting an experiment. When the subject offers a less than desirable response, he shakes his head no. The subject then changes her response, and the researcher shakes his head yes. The researcher is exhibitinga. Experimenter bias. b. Control bias. c. Exclusionary bias. d. Control issues.Quiz 2: The Mind At Work 1. Celia has a boyfriend who wears a certain cologne all of the time. After Celia and her boyfriend break up and she smells that cologne on someone else, she winces at the smell. Celia is undergoing the effects of conditioning when she smells the cologne. a. Classical b. Negative c. Positive d. Operant 2. Trying to make sense of an article in the world events section of the Daily Mirror, Matlock turns to Thomas and asks, “Where’s Khartoum?” Thomas, looking up from his coffee, says, “Africa. It’s the capital of Sudan.” If you hold with the idea that long-term memory includes distinct modules, what sort of memory does Thomas’ reply indicate? a. Procedural-episodic b. Procedural-semantic c. Declarative-episodic d. Declarative-semantic 3. Which kind of drug impedes the nervous system by causing neurons to fire more slowly? a. Speed inhibitors b. Stimulants c. Depressants d. Hallucinogens 4. An important reason why people forget something is that they didn’t pay much attention to it in the first place. Psychologists refer to this kind of forgetting as a. Interference related. b. Cue-dependent. c. Encoding failure. d. Decay.5. Which of the following statements regarding hypnosis is the best response? a. Not all psychologists feel that hypnosis is a distinct altered state of consciousness. b. In general, todays researchers have concluded that hypnosis is distinct from ordinary waking consciousness. c. All people are susceptible to hypnosis. d. People who are most susceptible to hypnosis are unable to concentrate on anything for very long. 6. Josh is having some trouble recalling what he previously learned about the Battle of Gettysburg because he just read a new book offering new information on that Civil War battle. This sort of phenomenon is referred to as interference. a. Retroactive b. Distractive c. Passive d. Proactive 7. A casino slot machine has a random chance of paying out a prize each time a wager is made. This would be an example of a schedule. a. Random-variable ratio b. Variable-ratio c. Fixed-ratio d. Non-variable-ratio 8. If Susan is sleeping and her alarm goes off, but she cant hear it and doesn’t move, then she is likely in which stage of sleep? a. Stage 2 b. Stage 3 c. Stage 1 d. Stage 4 9. The boss rewards your behavior after she observes you correctly following a product assembly procedure six times. In operant conditioning, this kind of partial reinforcement is based on a schedule. a. Fixed-interval b. Variable-interval c. Variable-ratiod. Fixed-ratio 10. Learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences, is called conditioning. a. Positive b. Classical c. Operant d. Negative 11. Which of the following would be considered an unconditioned response? a. A dog barking when asked if it wants to go for a walk. b. A monkey hitting a red button when exposed to a bright light to receive a bit of food. c. Pulling back your hand when touching a hot stove. d. Getting excited when hearing a ring that sounds similar to the ringing of a winning casino game. 12. The initial, momentary storage of information that lasts only an instant is called memory. a. Short-term b. Processing c. Long-term d. Sensory 13. Which of the following best illustrates a negative reinforcer? a. Copeland gives up candy to stave of f chronic acid indigestion. b. Nancy learns that she prefers chocolate over vanilla. c. Carmine changes his major to English lit after failing a math exam. d. On a hot day, Lindberg always drinks lemonade. 14. A stimulus that, before conditioning, doesn’t naturally bring about the response of interest is called a/an stimulus. a. Unconditioned b. Neutral c. Paired d. Conditioned15. A once-neutral stimulus that has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus to bring about a response formerly caused only by the unconditioned stimulus is called the stimulus. a. Unconditioned b. Neutral c. Conditioned d. Paired 16. According to information provided in your text, circadian rhythms are associated with a. The time of month that pregnant women are likely to go into labor. b. The occurrence of anxiety attacks. c. Attacks of sleep apnea. d. Cycles of waking and sleeping. 17. Natasha has been living in Philadelphia for several months and is rapidly mastering the English language. However, she often turns to her American friend, Emily, when she is uncertain about a concept. One day, Natasha turns to Emily and asks, “What are you meaning when you say this word ‘vehicle’?” Emily is most likely to point to which of these prototypes so she can feel fairly certain that Natasha “gets it”? a. A jet liner passing overhead b. An escalator c. An elevator d. An automobile 18. Responding to stimuli that are similar-but not identical- to a conditioned stimulus is called a. Spontaneous recovery. b. Stimulus discrimination. c. Respondent reinforcement. d. Stimulus generalization.19. In a lab devoted to sleep disorders, Julio point to the wave monitor, turns to Laura, and says, “Subject is going into non-REM stage 2.” Laura, looking at the monitor, says, “Got it. I am recording the time.” What would Laura and Julio see on the monitor, besides the appearance of the sleep spindles, that would assure them that the subject has entered stage 2 sleep? a. It’s very easy to awaken a person during this stage of sleep. b. Brain waves are getting slower and more regular. c. Brain waves are irregular and episodic. d. Sleep disturbance is indicated by sharp wave spikes. 20. Which of the following statements regarding REM sleep is true? a. Dreaming causes major muscle contractions and tossing and turning. b. REM sleep occurs during stage 3 sleep. c. REM sleep occurs only during stage 4 sleep. d. Roughly 20 percent of adult sleep time is accompanied by REM.Quiz 3: Motivation, Emotion, Development, & Personality 1. I’m not all that happy, but when I smile I feel better. This idea might best be expressed by the a. Facial feedback hypothesis. b. Theory of universal affect programming. c. Facial-affect program. d. Emotional similarity theory. 2. According to Bandura, the extent to which someone feels able to meet a challenge or pursue a task to a favorable outcome is their level of a. Self-efficacy. b. Extraversion. c. Self-esteem. d. Openness to experience. 3. People with a can eat just about anything they want and not gain weight. a. Fixed proportion of fat cells b. Low metabolic rate c. High metabolic rate d. Fixed weight set point 4. The “strange situation” experiment designed by Mary Ainsworth aims to a. Measure the resilience of infants and toddlers. b. Classify the attachment behavior of toddlers. c. Classify and describe different parenting styles. d. Highlight the father’s role in parenting.5. Maria is studying the effects of calcium on the development of children. She administers different levels of calcium to two groups of children, one group consisting of children aged 5 and the other group consisting of children aged 10. She studies the growth rate of these two groups regularly over a period of one year. Based on the given evidence, it would be most accurate to say that Maria is using research. a. Cross-sectional b. Field-setting c. Sequential d. Conceptual 6. In the context of intellectual disability, the great majority of people so challenged are classified as being retarded. a. Mildly b. Severely c. Moderately d. Variably 7. In the research conducted by Hans Eysenck, factor analysis was used to identify basic personality dimensions. a. Four b. Two c. Five d. Three 8. Which of the following genetic or chromosomal abnormalities is correctly described? a. In Tay-Sachs disease, the body starts producing abnormally shaped red blood cells. b. In Down syndrome, the brain tissues of the cortex degenerate, resulting in death. c. In phenylketonuria, the body is unable to produce a critical enzyme, which results in an accumulation of poisons that causes profound intellectual disabilities. d. In sickle-cell anemia, the child receives an extra chromosome during conception and, as a result, develops severe mental disabilities.9. You maintain that physical changes in late adulthood are largely related to built-in time limits to cell reproduction. It’s safe to say that you endorse the theory of aging. a. Disengagement b. Amyloid precursor c. Wear-and-tear d. Genetic preprogramming 10. A woman’s use of alcohol while pregnant can cause damage to the human fetus. In this circumstance, alcohol could be considered a a. Mutagen. b. Risk factor. c. Teratogen. d. Zygote. 11. Dona is a graduate student investigating the development of fine motor skills. She selects a group of children and assesses their fine motor skills every six months over a two-year period. In this example, Dona is using a research method. a. Cross-sectional b. Transversal c. Naturalistic observational d. Longitudinal 12. Dr. Fiore conducts a study in which two groups of participants work on challenging puzzles: one group is extrinsically motivated, whereas the other is intrinsically motivated. Thus, one group is paid for its participation, while the other isn’t. Dr. Fiore records the length of time each participant spent working on the puzzle and how much each participant enjoyed the puzzle. Based on the theories of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, which of the following is most likely to be true? a. The paid group didn’t work as hard on the puzzle but enjoyed it more than the unpaid group. b. The paid group worked harder on the puzzle and enjoyed it more than the unpaid group. c. The paid group worked harder on the puzzle but enjoyed it less than the unpaid group. d. The paid group didn’t work as hard on the puzzle and enjoyed it less than the unpaid group.13. In Piaget’s model of cognitive development, a child’s tendency to view the world entirely from his or her own perspective is referred to as a. Metacognition. b. Egocentric thought. c. The concrete operational stage. d. The sensorimotor stage. 14. According to Abraham Maslow, the highest-level need is the need for a. Self-actualization. b. Self-efficacy. c. Self-love. d. Self-esteem. 15. Bobby was late coming home from school. On his way home, he stopped to help a motorist with a flat tire place a spare tire on the car. Bobby’s father still punished Bobby for being late even though Bobby was late due to helping another person. When Bobby questioned the punishment, his father simply stated that the rules are the rules. Bobby’s father exhibits what type of parenting? a. Uninvolved b. Authoritative c. Permissive d. Authoritarian 16. According to your textbook’s treatment of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, a focus on rewards and punishment in respect to a moral dilemma is a characteristic of a. Adolescents who have reached the conventional level of moral development. b. Adolescents who have reached the formal operational stage of moral development. c. Children who haven’t grasped the principle of object constancy. d. Children who haven’t reached the conventional stage of moral development. 17. According to Erikson, the psychosocial crisis of the intimacyversus-isolation stage occursa. In the first year of life. b. During adolescence. c. During early adulthood. d. Between the ages of 3 and 6. 18. In Maslow’s needs hierarchy, people whose need for has been fulfilled ar poised to ascend to the level of self-actualization. a. Achievement b. Love and belongingness c. Esteem d. Safety 19. If you support the idea that physiological arousal and the experience of an associated emotion will occur simultaneously, you agree with the a. James-Lange theory of emotion. b. Cannon-Bard theory of emotion. c. Schachter-Singer theory of emotion. d. Biological emotion-activation theory. 20. To formulate a general definition of emotion, it’s most accurate to say that a. Emotion is a feeling state evoked by an expressed behavior. b. An emotion is a specific reaction to a perceived change in a situation. c. Emotions are feelings that have both physiological and cognitive elements. d. Emotions are adaptive physiological responses to feelings.Quiz 4: Psychological Disorders 1. Why is psychosurgery rarely used today? a. It has been banned by law. b. Delicate brain surgery is too difficult. c. We don’t know enough about the workings of the brain. d. The drastic side effects outweigh the benefits. 2. is a behavioral technique in which gradual exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus is paired with relaxation to extinguish the response of anxiety. a. Exposure b. Systematic desensitization c. Classical conditioning d. Aversion therapy 3. is a feeling of apprehension or tension in reaction to stressful situations. a. Anxiety b. Phobia c. Nervousness d. Fear 4. The occurrence of anxiety without an obvious external cause, affecting daily functioning, is known as a/an disorder. a. Mental b. Phobic c. Nervous d. Anxiety 5. Which of the following statements regarding the DSM-5 is most accurate? a. Critics agree that the DSM-5 has successfully increased the reliability of diagnoses without necessarily increasing their validity. b. It offers therapists a means of determining causal factors underlying a specific psychological disorder. c. Critics argue that the classification system overemphasizes physiological factors associated with specified disorders.d. It offers therapists a firm foundation for estimating the degree to which a given individual is afflicted with a specified disorder. 6. How is a panic disorder different from a phobia? a. Phobias are more severe. b. Phobias don’t have any identifiable stimuli. c. Panic disorders are more severe. d. Panic disorders don’t have any identifiable stimuli. 7. In which of these statements is the scientific rationale for distinguishing Type I and Type II most clearly illustrated? a. Type II schizophrenics are most likely to be a threat to themselves and others. b. If subjects X and Y are identical twins and X is diagnosed with Type 1 schizophrenia, it’s nearly 100 percent assured that Y will also develop Type I schizophrenia. c. Type I schizophrenics are most likely to be a threat to themselves and others. d. The symptomatic profile for Type I and Type II schizophrenia is different. 8. Among somatoform disorders, hypochondriasis is to obsessive concern about one’s health as a/an disorder is to marked physical symptoms with no identifiable physiological cause. a. Dissociative b. Hysterical c. Conversion d. Obsessive 9. Psychoanalytic treatment typically involves a. Administering drugs to maintain hormonal balance. b. Examining early childhood experiences. c. Using electroconvulsive therapy. d. Employing trephination techniques. 10. therapy seeks to bring unresolved past conflicts and unacceptable impulses from the unconscious into the conscious, where patients may deal with the problems more effectively. a. Psychodynamic b. Behavioral c. Cognitived. Humanistic 11. Rebecca has been keeping track of the number of times she washes her hands in a day. Keeping track of observable actions and how these actions can be remedied can best be described as which perspective of psychological disorder? a. Behavioral b. Psychoanalytic c. Cognitive d. Humanistic 12. Regarding perspectives on abnormality, what’s the common ground between the medical and psychoanalytic perspectives? a. Both view abnormal behaviors as learned behaviors. b. Both assume that people’s thoughts and beliefs underlie problematic behavior. c. Both view abnormal behaviors as symptoms of underlying problems. d. Both view abnormal behavior as rooted in biological processes. 13. A therapist determined that Alice depends on relationships with others to find some shaky ground for her self-identity. In this context, Alice has always been devastated by rejection of any kind. Alice is most likely to be diagnosed as suffering from a/an a. Narcissistic personality disorder. b. Borderline personality disorder. c. Antisocial personality disorder. d. Sociopathic personality. 14. disorder is the experience of long-term, persistent anxiety and worry. a. Generalized anxiety b. Panic c. Phobia d. Obsessive-compulsive 15. drugs focus on efforts to change the concentration of neurotransmitters in the brain. For example, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors concentrate serotonin in synapses between neurons.a. Anti-anxiety b. Antidepressant c. Mood stabilizer d. Antipsychotic 16. A very large sample, representing the population of the United States, was drawn to study the prevalence of psychological disorders. The second most commonly reported disorder, after depression, was likely to be a. Alcohol dependency. b. Panic disorders. c. Post-traumatic stress disorder. d. Comorbidity. 17. The perspective views the behavior itself as the problem. Using the basic principles of learning, these theorists see both normal and abnormal behaviors as responses to various stimuli. a. Psychoanalytic b. Behavioral c. Cognitive d. Medical 18. The classification system that most professionals use to diagnose and classify abnormal behavior is known as the a. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition b. Diagnoses Manual of Mental Disorders, Second Edition c. Mental Illness Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition d. Mental Illness Manual of Diagnoses and Disorders 19. In the process of Freudian psychoanalysis, patients may come to think of the therapist as a symbol of their feelings for a parent, lover, or abuser. This phenomenon is called a. Transference. b. Projection. c. Free association. d. Latent content. 20. Claustrophobia is the fear of a. Social situations.b. Enclosed spaces. c. Closure. d. Heights.Quiz 5: Psychology For Two Or More 1. Which of the following statements best illustrates the concept of the halo effect? a. Observing that Lois is argumentative and abrasive, Leopold assumes she is a skilled liar. b. After Clark missed the foul shot, Coach Smart told him to try practicing for a change. c. On first meeting Sally, Harry recognized that he and Sally were like two peas in a pod. d. Grenville maintains that Hannibal’s faults lie not with the stars but within his character. 2. The foot-in-the-door technique and the that’s-not-all technique are persuasive tactics for gaining a. Conformity. b. Compliance. c. Reciprocity. d. Obedience. 3. Acting on negative stereotypes is known as a. Stereotyping. b. Prejudice. c. Racism. d. Discrimination. 4. The scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others is called psychology. a. Social b. Humanistic c. Behavioral d. Psychodynamic 5. Four steps are involved in a person’s decision to offer assistance in an emergency situation. The third step isa. Interpreting the event as requiring someone to offer assistance. b. Assuming responsibility for rendering assistance. c. Appraisal of one’s skills and experience in dealing with emergencies. d. Deciding how to help. 6. In the context of social cognition, what’s the primary importance of schemas? a. They help us differentiate good people from bad people. b. They help us organize, store, and recall information about other people. c. They allow us to correctly identify the central traits of other people. d. They provide accurate and truthful information about social situations and other people. 7. The process by which an individual organizes information about another person to form an overall impression of that person is called a. Central traits. b. Social cognition. c. Impression formation. d. Schemas. 8. The major traits considered in forming impressions of others are called a. Central traits. b. Impression formation. c. Social cognition. d. Schemas. 9. Which of the following statements regarding the nature of stress is true? a. Psychophysiological disorders are primarily mental disorders. b. Cataclysmic events such as earthquakes are, inevitably, the most devastating stressors for most people. c. Accumulating hassles may well lead to sudden onset of PTSD. d. Continued exposure to stress is associated with the secretion of stress-related hormones.10. Jason and Julia are preparing for a quiz in Psychology 101. Jason recites four reasons for seeking out a social support network. Julia, who has top grades in the class, gives her nod of approval to all but one of Jason’s lists. Which one is she most likely to reject? a. Support group membership can help a participant feel valued by others. b. Group members can help a participant with practical things like finding a new job. c. Being a member of a social support network can help reduce a person's stress levels. d. Being in a social support network helps a person learn how to win arguments. 11. Aggressiveness builds up in people because of human nature. It can be safely expressed before it reaches a “boiling point” through the catharsis offered by aggressive sports and games. These kinds of ideas are associated with a. Social learning theories. b. Observational learning theories. c. Frustration-aggression theory. d. Instinct approaches to aggression. 12. Alvin listened to two politicians debate changes to health care. Alvin decided against the proposal of one debater because the presenter spoke too long, in Alvin’s opinion. Alvin’s response is an example of processing. a. Central route b. Time-related c. Peripheral route d. Complexity route 13. A student who behaves in the classroom to avoid punishment is acting according to what cause of behavior? a. Fear cause b. Punishment cause c. Dispositional cause d. Situational cause14. The tendency to attribute personal success to personal factors (skill, ability, or effort) and to attribute failure to factors outside oneself is known as a. Self-serving bias. b. Fundamental attribution error. c. Assumed-similarity bias. d. Halo effect. 15. In a , the therapist and client (or teacher and student, or parent and child) draw up a written agreement that includes behavioral goals the client hopes to achieve. It also specifies the positive consequences for reaching the goal. a. Token system b. Free association c. Contingency contract d. Transference 16. Mandy has decided that she has no control over the aversive stimuli she encounters at work and at home day by day. Thus, she has given up trying to make her life better. Psychologists would say Mandy’s worldview illustrates a. Problem-focused coping. b. Emotion-focused coping c. Learned helplessness. d. Learned avoidant coping. 17. Message interpretation characterized by consideration of the source and related general information rather than of the message itself is called processing. a. Auditory b. Visual c. Central route d. Peripheral route 18. A popular talk show host, jovial and sharp-witted as usual, outlines his views on the death penalty, taking time to consider both sides of the issue. As a long-time listener to that talk show, if you’re swayed to adopt the talk-show host’s point of view, it will probably be due toa. The medium of the message (radio). b. Your temperament and character. c. Your tendency to employ peripheral route processing. d. The character of the message. 19. With respect to the fundamental attribution error, it turns out that in cultures like those of Asia, there’s a/an orientation to others that emphasizes interdependence. a. Individualistic b. Philosophical c. Collectivist d. Intrapersonal 20. Message interpretation characterized by thoughtful consideration of the issues and arguments used to persuade is called processing. a. Peripheral route b. Visual c. Central route d. AuditoryFinal Exam: Essentials of Psychology 1. Coffee, soda, nicotine, and chocolate are considered a. Depressants. b. Drugs. c. Stimulants. d. Hallucinogens. 2. Which of the following perspectives assumes that people’s thoughts and beliefs are central to psychological disorders? a. Humanistic b. Behavioral c. Cognitive d. Medical 3. An element that naturally brings about a particular response is called a. Conditioned response. b. Unconditioned response. c. Unconditioned stimulus. d. Conditioned stimulus. 4. Which type of drug dependence caused people to believe that they need the drug to response to the stresses of daily living? a. Physiological b. Stimulant c. Hallucinogen d. Psychological 5. What’s another word for the sense of taste? a. Taste buds b. Olfaction c. Gustation d. Pheromones 6. When stored memories lose their sharpness and clarity over time, what is the reason for this type of memory loss? a. Decayb. Encoding failure c. State-dependent learning d. Cue-dependent forgetting 7. Lydia has expressed concern about extreme body aches and pains. However, after visiting several doctors there appears to be no medical cause. What psychological disorder is Lydia exhibiting? a. Somatic symptom disorder b. Multiple personality disorder c. Dissociative amnesia d. Major depressive disorder 8. Which study played a central role in the development of the field of psychology? a. Educational b. Social c. Psychophysics d. Clinical 9. Which eating disorder may be affecting someone who overeats 12 times in three months? a. Bulimia b. Obesity c. Anorexia d. Binge eating 10. Individuals who are sexually attracted to people of the same sex and the other sex are considered a. Asexual. b. Bisexual. c. Heterosexual. d. Homosexual. 11. According to psychologist Diana Baumrind, which type of parents have strict standards for their children and discourage expressions of disagreement? a. Uninvolved b. Authoritarianc. Permissive d. Authoritative 12. Neurons consist of a cell body, nucleus, and what other structures? a. Dendrites and sheaths b. Dendrites and axons c. Muscles and cells d. Fibers 13. By the age of two, how large is a child’s vocabulary? a. Over 100 words b. Less than 10 words c. 50 words d. 10 words 14. When employees are offered a bonus for good performance, the bonus acts as a a. Condition. b. Need. c. Reinforcer. d. Punishment. 15. Bill has had a deep fear of dogs for many years. To help him get over his fears and anxiety, he’s required to spend time with a dog for hours. What type of treatment is being used? a. Cognitive-behavioral approach b. Aversion therapy c. Flooding d. Systematic desensitization 16. A dog salivating at the sound of its feeder’s steps is an example of a. Classical conditioning. b. Conditioned stimulus. c. Generalization. d. Operant conditioning. 17. Robert has a habit of making small put downs, insults, and daily slights about the woman in his office. What are these comments referred to as?a. Microaggressions b. Frustration c. Jokes d. Aggression 18. Illness anxiety disorder can be described as a somatic symptom disorder a. In which a person displays characteristics (features) of tow or more distinct personalities. b. In which a significant, selective memory loss occurs. c. In which a person has a constant fear of illness and a preoccupation with their health. d. Involving an actual physical disturbance, such as the inability to see or hear or to move an arm or leg. 19. Psychologists can only establish cause-and-effect relationships by a. Understanding the source of the variables. b. Performing experiments. c. Knowing the outcome beforehand. d. Hypothesizing based on absolutes. 20. As people age, they generally need a. The most sleep. b. No sleep. c. Less sleep. d. More sleep. 21. Which of the following best summarizes the role of the nervous system? a. It activates the muscles to carry out activities. b. It instructs the brain to carry out movements. c. It’s the pathway for the instructions that permit our bodies to carry out everyday activities. d. It helps people feel mental and physical sensations. 22. The theory that for every major emotion there’s an accompanying physiological reaction of internal organs is known asa. The Cannon-Bard Theory. b. The Schachter-Singer Theory. c. The James-Lange Theory. d. The Internal Organs Theory. 23. Bipolar disorder is the response from alternating a. Mania and anxiety. b. Calmness and stress. c. Depression and happiness. d. Depression and mania. 24. Which types of causes can determine explanations for behavior? a. Situational and dispositional b. Situational and attributes c. Schemas and dispositional d. Schemas and attributes 25. Which part of the peripheral nervous system controls the involuntary movement of the heart, glands, lungs, and other organs? a. Dendrites b. Autonomic c. Somatic d. Axons 26. Psychology is the scientific study of a. Behavior and emotional processes. b. The body and soul. c. The brain and your thoughts. d. Behavior and mental processes. 27. Which hemisphere of the brain concentrates more on tasks that require verbal competence? a. Right b. Left c. Back d. Front 28. John has a hard time being in public because of his fear of strangers. What disorder does he have? a. Somatoform b. Xenophobiac. Claustrophobia d. Obsessive compulsive 29. Which type of chemical message prevents or decreases the likelihood that a receiving neuron will transmit an electrical impulse? a. Excitatory b. Inhibitory c. Dendrite d. Receptor 30. Individuals who can fall asleep suddenly while driving, exercising, or performing any activity have what kind of sleep disorder? a. Narcolepsy b. Sleepwalking c. Insomnia d. Night terror 31. Behavior is influenced by a. Environment. b. Attitude. c. Intentions. d. Society. 32. Individuals with dissociative identity disorder respond to extreme stress and trauma by a. Ignoring the issues. b. Withdrawing from others. c. Escaping into alternate personalities. d. Taking deep breaths. 33. Which compliance technique involves someone making a large request, expecting it to be refused, and following it with a smaller one that’s more likely to be accepted? a. Door-in-the-face technique b. That’s-not-all technique c. Foot-in-the-door techniqued. Not-so-free sample 34. When an individual tries to recall a person’s name, which part of their memory are they searching? a. Automatic b. Explicit c. Flashbulb d. Implicit 35. Which principles were developed in the early 1900s to describe how humans organize bits and pieces of information into meaningful wholes? a. Weber’s law b. Gestalt laws of organization c. All-or-none law d. Clinical psychology 36. Which technique asks a person to comply with a small initial request to enhance the likelihood that the person will later comply with a larger request? a. Foot-in-the-door b. That’s not all c. Door-in-the-face d. All or nothing 37. How does a stimulus affect a neuron’s firing rate? a. The stimulus stops a neuron’s firing rate. b. The stimulus carries the neuron’s fire. c. The temperature of a stimulus determines how much of a neuron’s potential firing rate is reached. d. The stimulus’s intensity determines how much of a neuron’s potential firing rate is reached. 38. Drugs that alter perceptions, thoughts, and feelings such as marijuana, LSD, and ecstasy are called a. Narcotics. b. Hallucinogens. c. Depressants. d. Stimulants.39. Mary is involved in a car accident that causes her to feel shaken up and stressed. Which division of her nervous system acts to calm her body afterward? a. Autonomic division b. Somatic division c. Parasympathetic division d. Sympathetic division 40. How long is information held in short-term memory? a. 2 minutes b. 60 seconds c. 1 hour d. 15 to 25 seconds 41. Which psychotherapeutic approach is considered the lease scientifically and theoretically developed? a. Humanistic b. Sociocultural c. Behavioral d. Cognitive 42. Which of the following types of neurons communicates information from the nervous system to muscles and glands? a. Peripheral b. Motor c. Sensory d. Interneurons 43. A person learns to control internal physiological processes such as blood pressure, heart and respiration rate, skin temperature, sweating, and constricting certain muscles during a. Surgery. b. Neuroplasticity. c. Reflexology. d. Biofeedback.44. “Do unto others as they will do unto you” is an example of which compliance technique? a. Not-so-free sample b. That’s-not-all technique c. Foot-in-the-door technique d. Door-in-the-face technique 45. Which psychologist was interested in specifying how behavior varies because of alterations in the environment? a. Sigmund Freud b. B.F. Skinner c. Jean Piaget d. John Locke 46. Homelessness and poor economic status are linked to high levels of psychological disorders. Which perspective explains this association? a. Behavioral b. Sociocultural c. Humanistic d. Cognitive 47. What percentage of men are color blind? a. 7 b. 25 c. 1 d. 42 48. When it comes to facial expressions, every emotion is related to a set of a. Muscular movements. b. Thoughts. c. Senses. d. Feelings. 49. What percentage of children experience significant emotional or behavioral disorders?a. 20 b. 10 c. 40 d. 65 50. Which part of the cortex is largely responsible for the body’s voluntary movement? a. Sensory area b. Physical areas c. Motor area d. Association areas