CD 3305 - Mod 11-12 Review (from review lectures) || Already
Graded A+.
Portal hypertension correct answers Increased pressure in portal vein due to impaired venous
drainage through the liver due to liver damage. Causes include liver cirrhosis, PV thrombosis,
alcoholic hepatitis, and R-sided heart failure
5 symptoms of portal hypertension correct answers -esophageal varices
-splenomegaly
-ascites
-hemorrhoids
-caput medusae (looks like a snake is under the skin of the belly :(
Complications of portal hypertension correct answers -GI bleeding
-renal dysfunction
-sepsis
-thrombocytopenia
*hepatic encephalopathy
Hemolytic jaundice correct answers Excessive destruction of red blood cells or absorption of a
hematoma
-unconjugated (indirect) hyperbilirubinemia
Triad: anemia + jaundice + splenomegaly
Peripheral smear: shows reticulocytes (aka baby RBCs)
Hepatocellular jaundice correct answers accumulation of conjugated bilirubin in the serum due to
hepatocyte dysfunction
,-viral hepatitis
-drugs (e.g., acetominophen)
-alcohol
Lab: elevated ALT and AST
Obstructive jaundice correct answers bile ducts are obstructed (by gallstones or cancer) so bile
cannot drain out of the liver and overflows into the blood
Triad: jaundice + pruritis + dark Urine
Three ddx of jaundice correct answers Hemolytic, hepatocellular, obstructive
Aka spleen, liver, or gallbladder origin
Hepatitis correct answers Inflammation of liver, leading to cell injury and necrosis
Common causes of acute hepatitis correct answers Drugs or viral infection
Common causes of chronic hepatitis correct answers Viral infection, alcohol, drugs, Autoimmune
hepatitis, Wilson's, hemochromatosis
Hepatitis A: key details correct answers -RNA virus
-transmission: fecal-oral (poor hygiene or sexually transmitted)
-incubation period: 4-6 weeks
-elevated transaminase
-lab: anti-HAV IGM ("A" for Hep "A" 😮
, Can be asymptomatic in kids
Never becomes chronic!!!
Tx is supportive
Hepatitis B: key details correct answers DNA virus
Incubation period: 6 weeks to 6 months
Transmission: vertical, sexual T, IV needles, travel, bodily fluids
(That's about all she included in the review)
Hepatitis D: key details correct answers RNA virus
D + B ❤️
--> D requires HBsAG for entry, thus only affects those with Hep B
Hep C: key details correct answers RNA virus (genotype 1 is MC in north america)
Transmission: blood-borne (IV drug use, tattoos, blood transfusions)
Lab: increased ALT/AST, anti-HCV ("C" for Hep C lol)
80% of acute hep C becomes chronic--> increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma
Hep E: key details correct answers RNA virus
Graded A+.
Portal hypertension correct answers Increased pressure in portal vein due to impaired venous
drainage through the liver due to liver damage. Causes include liver cirrhosis, PV thrombosis,
alcoholic hepatitis, and R-sided heart failure
5 symptoms of portal hypertension correct answers -esophageal varices
-splenomegaly
-ascites
-hemorrhoids
-caput medusae (looks like a snake is under the skin of the belly :(
Complications of portal hypertension correct answers -GI bleeding
-renal dysfunction
-sepsis
-thrombocytopenia
*hepatic encephalopathy
Hemolytic jaundice correct answers Excessive destruction of red blood cells or absorption of a
hematoma
-unconjugated (indirect) hyperbilirubinemia
Triad: anemia + jaundice + splenomegaly
Peripheral smear: shows reticulocytes (aka baby RBCs)
Hepatocellular jaundice correct answers accumulation of conjugated bilirubin in the serum due to
hepatocyte dysfunction
,-viral hepatitis
-drugs (e.g., acetominophen)
-alcohol
Lab: elevated ALT and AST
Obstructive jaundice correct answers bile ducts are obstructed (by gallstones or cancer) so bile
cannot drain out of the liver and overflows into the blood
Triad: jaundice + pruritis + dark Urine
Three ddx of jaundice correct answers Hemolytic, hepatocellular, obstructive
Aka spleen, liver, or gallbladder origin
Hepatitis correct answers Inflammation of liver, leading to cell injury and necrosis
Common causes of acute hepatitis correct answers Drugs or viral infection
Common causes of chronic hepatitis correct answers Viral infection, alcohol, drugs, Autoimmune
hepatitis, Wilson's, hemochromatosis
Hepatitis A: key details correct answers -RNA virus
-transmission: fecal-oral (poor hygiene or sexually transmitted)
-incubation period: 4-6 weeks
-elevated transaminase
-lab: anti-HAV IGM ("A" for Hep "A" 😮
, Can be asymptomatic in kids
Never becomes chronic!!!
Tx is supportive
Hepatitis B: key details correct answers DNA virus
Incubation period: 6 weeks to 6 months
Transmission: vertical, sexual T, IV needles, travel, bodily fluids
(That's about all she included in the review)
Hepatitis D: key details correct answers RNA virus
D + B ❤️
--> D requires HBsAG for entry, thus only affects those with Hep B
Hep C: key details correct answers RNA virus (genotype 1 is MC in north america)
Transmission: blood-borne (IV drug use, tattoos, blood transfusions)
Lab: increased ALT/AST, anti-HCV ("C" for Hep C lol)
80% of acute hep C becomes chronic--> increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma
Hep E: key details correct answers RNA virus
