ACSM study guide questions with verified detailed answers
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BIOMECHANICS - ✔✔principles of physics related to energy and force as they apply to the
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human body
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PROXIMAL - ✔✔CLOSER TO THE TRUNK || || || || ||
DISTAL - ✔✔further from the trunk
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SUPERIOR (CRANIAL) - ✔✔above, toward the head
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INFERIOR (CAUDAL) - ✔✔lower than, toward the feet
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ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) - ✔✔toward the front|| || || || ||
POSTERIOR (DORSAL) - ✔✔toward the back || || || || ||
MEDIAL - ✔✔closer to the midline
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LATERAL - ✔✔further from the midline
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THREE CARDINAL BODY PLANES - ✔✔sagittal plane, frontal plane, transverse plane
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SAGITTAL PLANE - ✔✔makes a division into right and left portions
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,FRONTAL PLANE - ✔✔makes a division into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions
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TRANSVERSE PLANE - ✔✔makes a division into upper (superior) and lower (inferior)
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portions
ROTATION - ✔✔movement around a longitudinal axis, either toward or away from the
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midline
CIRCUMDUCTION - ✔✔a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction || || || || || || || || ||
EVERSION - ✔✔turning the sole of the foot away from the midline
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INVERSION - ✔✔turning the sole of the foot toward the midline
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Bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum... - ✔✔AXIAL SKELETON
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VERTEBRAL COLUMN (SPINE) - ✔✔serves as the main axial support for the body
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4 Major curvatures of the adult vertebral column - ✔✔cervical curve, thoracic curve,
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lumbar curve,
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sacral curve
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KYPHOSIS "primary curves" - ✔✔curves of the thoracic and sacral regions
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LORDOSIS "secondary curves" - ✔✔curves of the cervical and lumbar region
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, Commonly found abnormal curves in the sagittal plane - ✔✔hyperkyphosis and
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hyperlordosis
HYPERKYPHOSIS - ✔✔exaggerated posterior thoracic curvature || || || || ||
HYPERLORDOSIS - ✔✔exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature || || || || ||
Commonly found abnormal curve in the frontal plane - ✔✔scoliosis
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STERNUM - ✔✔midline of the chest || || || || ||
What are the 3 parts of the sternum? - ✔✔manubrium, body, xiphoid process
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RF for family history - ✔✔myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization or sudden
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death to a 1st degree family member when >55 male, >65 female
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RF for cigarette smoking - ✔✔within 6 months
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Risk factor for Dyslipidemia LDL - ✔✔Lgreater than 130 mg/dL
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RF Dyslipidemia Total Cholesterol - ✔✔greater than 200 mg/dL
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RF Dyslipidemia low HDL - ✔✔less than 40 mg/dL
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RF Sedentary minutes of activity, days of week, past # of months - ✔✔less than 30 min/day,
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3 days/week, for at least 3 months
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BIOMECHANICS - ✔✔principles of physics related to energy and force as they apply to the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
human body
||
PROXIMAL - ✔✔CLOSER TO THE TRUNK || || || || ||
DISTAL - ✔✔further from the trunk
|| || || || ||
SUPERIOR (CRANIAL) - ✔✔above, toward the head
|| || || || || ||
INFERIOR (CAUDAL) - ✔✔lower than, toward the feet
|| || || || || || ||
ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) - ✔✔toward the front|| || || || ||
POSTERIOR (DORSAL) - ✔✔toward the back || || || || ||
MEDIAL - ✔✔closer to the midline
|| || || || ||
LATERAL - ✔✔further from the midline
|| || || || ||
THREE CARDINAL BODY PLANES - ✔✔sagittal plane, frontal plane, transverse plane
|| || || || || || || || || ||
SAGITTAL PLANE - ✔✔makes a division into right and left portions
|| || || || || || || || || ||
,FRONTAL PLANE - ✔✔makes a division into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
TRANSVERSE PLANE - ✔✔makes a division into upper (superior) and lower (inferior)
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
portions
ROTATION - ✔✔movement around a longitudinal axis, either toward or away from the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
midline
CIRCUMDUCTION - ✔✔a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction || || || || || || || || ||
EVERSION - ✔✔turning the sole of the foot away from the midline
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
INVERSION - ✔✔turning the sole of the foot toward the midline
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum... - ✔✔AXIAL SKELETON
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
VERTEBRAL COLUMN (SPINE) - ✔✔serves as the main axial support for the body
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
4 Major curvatures of the adult vertebral column - ✔✔cervical curve, thoracic curve,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
lumbar curve,
|| ||
sacral curve
||
KYPHOSIS "primary curves" - ✔✔curves of the thoracic and sacral regions
|| || || || || || || || || ||
LORDOSIS "secondary curves" - ✔✔curves of the cervical and lumbar region
|| || || || || || || || || ||
, Commonly found abnormal curves in the sagittal plane - ✔✔hyperkyphosis and
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
hyperlordosis
HYPERKYPHOSIS - ✔✔exaggerated posterior thoracic curvature || || || || ||
HYPERLORDOSIS - ✔✔exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature || || || || ||
Commonly found abnormal curve in the frontal plane - ✔✔scoliosis
|| || || || || || || || ||
STERNUM - ✔✔midline of the chest || || || || ||
What are the 3 parts of the sternum? - ✔✔manubrium, body, xiphoid process
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
RF for family history - ✔✔myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization or sudden
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
death to a 1st degree family member when >55 male, >65 female
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
RF for cigarette smoking - ✔✔within 6 months
|| || || || || || ||
Risk factor for Dyslipidemia LDL - ✔✔Lgreater than 130 mg/dL
|| || || || || || || || ||
RF Dyslipidemia Total Cholesterol - ✔✔greater than 200 mg/dL
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RF Dyslipidemia low HDL - ✔✔less than 40 mg/dL
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RF Sedentary minutes of activity, days of week, past # of months - ✔✔less than 30 min/day,
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3 days/week, for at least 3 months
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