PN VATI NURSING CARE OF CHILDREN EXAM
FINAL SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE SOLUTION SET
◉ List Freud's stages of psychosexual development with ages and an
explanation of each Answer: 0-1: Oral: Satisfaction from sucking and
feeding
1-3: Anal: Satisfaction from sphincter control
3-7: Phallic: Exploration of genitals and oedipal stage (attraction to
parent of opposite sex)
7-11: Latent: Social and cognitive skill development, not much going
on sexually
12+: Strong sexual interests
◉ List Erickson's stages of psychosocial development with ages and
an explanation of each Answer: 0-1: Trust vs. Mistrust: needs must
be met for trust to form
1-3: Autonomy vs. shame and doubt: saying "NO!" is common
3-7: Initiative vs. guilt: want to do things independently
7-11: Industry vs. inferiority: find meaning through activities
12+: Identity vs. role confusion: finding a place in society to form
identity
,◉ List Piaget's stages of cognitive development with ages and an
explanation of each Answer: 0-2: Sensorimotor: Developing by using
motor skills to learn about the world
2-7: Preoperational: Magical thinking, often illogical, transductive
reasoning, symbolic play
7-11: Concrete operational: Some cause and effect, can see other's
point of view, concrete thinking, past can be applied to present
12+: Formal operational: Full cause and effect, egocentric, feels
omnipotent, logical, abstract thinking
◉ What does Bandura's theory focus on? Answer: Self-efficacy: The
idea that an individual's behavior can change if they believe that
they are capable to make the change
◉ Kohlburg focuses on what? Answer: Moral and spiritual
development
◉ When does the most rapid growth occur in a child? Answer:
During the first year of life
◉ When does myelination occur? Answer: During the first two years
of life
◉ What is rooting? Answer: When the child turns toward the side of
the cheek that is touched
,◉ What is reflexive sucking? Answer: The child will suck when
something is placed in the mouth
◉ What is the moro reflex Answer: The child will make a C shape
with the hands when startled
◉ What is the asymmetric tonic neck reflex? Answer: Extension of
the arm and leg on the side when the head is turned to that side with
flexion of the arm and leg of the opposite side.
◉ What is the palmar grasp reflex? Answer: Press against palm with
finger. Baby will grasp finger.
◉ What is the plantar grasp reflex? Answer: Pressure to the base of
the toes causes toe flexion
◉ What is the babinski reflex? Answer: When stroking the sole of
the foot causes toes to hyper extend
◉ What is the step reflex? Answer: Holding infant upright so soles of
feet touch a flat surface, causes infant to make alternate stepping
movements (becomes more active 72 hours after birth)
, ◉ Infants lose what percentage of body weight in the first week of
life? Answer: 5-10%
◉ By day 7-10, what weight change will occur? Answer: The child
will return to birth weight
◉ How many grams does a child gain per day in the first week of
life? Answer: 20-30 grams per day
◉ Weight doubles by what month? Answer: 4-5 months
◉ Weight triples by what month? Answer: 12 months
◉ Length increases what percentage by 12 months? Answer: 50%
◉ The head of an infant is what fraction of the body? Answer: 1/4
◉ The head of an adult is what fraction of the body? Answer: 1/8
◉ When does head circumference reach 90 percent of size? Answer:
By age two
◉ How many pounds does a toddler gain per year? Answer: 3-5 lbs
FINAL SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE SOLUTION SET
◉ List Freud's stages of psychosexual development with ages and an
explanation of each Answer: 0-1: Oral: Satisfaction from sucking and
feeding
1-3: Anal: Satisfaction from sphincter control
3-7: Phallic: Exploration of genitals and oedipal stage (attraction to
parent of opposite sex)
7-11: Latent: Social and cognitive skill development, not much going
on sexually
12+: Strong sexual interests
◉ List Erickson's stages of psychosocial development with ages and
an explanation of each Answer: 0-1: Trust vs. Mistrust: needs must
be met for trust to form
1-3: Autonomy vs. shame and doubt: saying "NO!" is common
3-7: Initiative vs. guilt: want to do things independently
7-11: Industry vs. inferiority: find meaning through activities
12+: Identity vs. role confusion: finding a place in society to form
identity
,◉ List Piaget's stages of cognitive development with ages and an
explanation of each Answer: 0-2: Sensorimotor: Developing by using
motor skills to learn about the world
2-7: Preoperational: Magical thinking, often illogical, transductive
reasoning, symbolic play
7-11: Concrete operational: Some cause and effect, can see other's
point of view, concrete thinking, past can be applied to present
12+: Formal operational: Full cause and effect, egocentric, feels
omnipotent, logical, abstract thinking
◉ What does Bandura's theory focus on? Answer: Self-efficacy: The
idea that an individual's behavior can change if they believe that
they are capable to make the change
◉ Kohlburg focuses on what? Answer: Moral and spiritual
development
◉ When does the most rapid growth occur in a child? Answer:
During the first year of life
◉ When does myelination occur? Answer: During the first two years
of life
◉ What is rooting? Answer: When the child turns toward the side of
the cheek that is touched
,◉ What is reflexive sucking? Answer: The child will suck when
something is placed in the mouth
◉ What is the moro reflex Answer: The child will make a C shape
with the hands when startled
◉ What is the asymmetric tonic neck reflex? Answer: Extension of
the arm and leg on the side when the head is turned to that side with
flexion of the arm and leg of the opposite side.
◉ What is the palmar grasp reflex? Answer: Press against palm with
finger. Baby will grasp finger.
◉ What is the plantar grasp reflex? Answer: Pressure to the base of
the toes causes toe flexion
◉ What is the babinski reflex? Answer: When stroking the sole of
the foot causes toes to hyper extend
◉ What is the step reflex? Answer: Holding infant upright so soles of
feet touch a flat surface, causes infant to make alternate stepping
movements (becomes more active 72 hours after birth)
, ◉ Infants lose what percentage of body weight in the first week of
life? Answer: 5-10%
◉ By day 7-10, what weight change will occur? Answer: The child
will return to birth weight
◉ How many grams does a child gain per day in the first week of
life? Answer: 20-30 grams per day
◉ Weight doubles by what month? Answer: 4-5 months
◉ Weight triples by what month? Answer: 12 months
◉ Length increases what percentage by 12 months? Answer: 50%
◉ The head of an infant is what fraction of the body? Answer: 1/4
◉ The head of an adult is what fraction of the body? Answer: 1/8
◉ When does head circumference reach 90 percent of size? Answer:
By age two
◉ How many pounds does a toddler gain per year? Answer: 3-5 lbs
