RNSG2432 - Exam 1, Module 6 - Inflammatory Heart Dx|Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology, Electrical Conduction, Myocardial Function, Valvular Dynamics, Hemodynamics, Blood Flow Pathways, SA/AV/Purkinje Pacemaker Activity, Automaticity, Excitability, Conductivity,

RNSG2432 - Exam 1, Module 6 - Inflammatory Heart Dx|Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology, Electrical Conduction, Myocardial Function, Valvular Dynamics, Hemodynamics, Blood Flow Pathways, SA/AV/Purkinje Pacemaker Activity, Automaticity, Excitability, Conductivity, Contractility, Refractoriness, ECG Waveform Analysis, P/QRS/T/QT Intervals, Sinus Rhythm Variations, Bradycardia, Tachycardia, Supraventricular and Ventricular Dysrhythmias, Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter, Junctional Rhythms, AV Blocks, Bundle Branch Blocks, Premature Ectopic Beats, Cardiac Output Regulation, Electrolyte Imbalances, Myocarditis, Pericarditis, Pericardial Effusion, Cardiac Tamponade, Infective Endocarditis, Diagnostic Assessment, and Pharmacologic & Non-Pharmacologic Interventions Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 1.Blood enters the right atrium and moves through the _______ into the right ventricle. 2.Blood then moves from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery via the _________. Aortic Valve Mitral Valve Pulmonary Valve Tricuspid Valve 1. Tricuspid Valve 2. Pulmonary Valve 1.After entering the left atrium via the pulmonary veins, blood moves through the _____ into the left ventricle. 2. Finally, it travels through the _____ and out of the heart. Aortic Valve Mitral Valve Pulmonary Valve Tricuspid Valve 1. Mitral Valve 2. Aortic Valve Cardiac Valve Assessment 1.All (aortic) BLUE 2.Physicians (pulmonic) YELLOW 3.Take (tricuspid) RED 4.Money (mitral) GREEN Auscultating Heart Sounds •The aortic area or right sternal border (RSB) is at the right 2nd intercostal space, just under and to the right of the angle of Louis (sternal angle) •The pulmonic area or left upper sternal border (LUSB) is at the left 2 nd intercostal space •The tricuspid area or left lower sternal border (LLSB) is at the left fourth intercostal space •The mitral area or apex is at the PMI -- the 5th intercostal space in midclavicular line Layers of the Heart Muscle TISSUES SURROUNDING THE HEART Infective Endocarditis •Infection of the innermost layers of the heart •May occur in people with congenital and valvular heart disease •May occur in people with a history of rheumatic heart disease •May occur in people with normal valves with increased amounts of bacteria •Usually affects the cardiac valves •Was almost always fatal until development of penicillin •Around 15,000 cases diagnosed annually in the U.S. Why are we increasing? IV drug use I.E. - Causative Organisms •Causative organism –often bacterial •Streptococcus viridans •Staphylococcus aureus •Other Etiologies •Viruses- Coxsackie B •Fungi – Candida alibcans I.E. - Etiology and Pathophysiology •Occurs when blood turbulence within heart allows causative agent to infect previously damaged valves or other endothelial surfaces •When valve damaged, blood is slowed down and forms a clot. •Bacteria gets into blood stream •Bacterial or fungal vegetative growths deposit on normal or abnormal heart valves •Vegetation •Fibrin, leukocytes, platelets, and microbes •Adhere to the valve or endocardium •Embolization of portions of vegetation into circulation •50% of patients with IE will have systemic embolization (Red Flag) Bacterial Endocarditis of the Mitral Value Sequence of Events in Infective Endocarditis Risk Factors- Endocarditis -Hx of rheumatic fever or damaged heart valve- less common now (20% of cases) -Prior history of endocarditis -Aging (50% associated with aortic stenosis) -Invasive procedures- (introduce bacteria into blood stream)