RNSG 1412 (Ob/Pedi) - Exam 4, PPT & Learning Guide: Contraception & Infertility|Infertility Evaluation, Male Sperm Abnormalities, Oligospermia, Azoospermia, Erectile Dysfunction, Ejaculatory Disorders, Seminal Fluid Defects, Female Ovulation Disorders, Ho

RNSG 1412 (Ob/Pedi) - Exam 4, PPT & Learning Guide: Contraception & Infertility|Infertility Evaluation, Male Sperm Abnormalities, Oligospermia, Azoospermia, Erectile Dysfunction, Ejaculatory Disorders, Seminal Fluid Defects, Female Ovulation Disorders, Hormonal Dysregulation, PCOS, Tubal Obstruction, Fallopian Tube Adhesions, Endometriosis, Cervical Mucus Insufficiency, Incompetent Cervix, Recurrent Pregnancy Loss, Luteal Phase Defect, Chromosomal Abnormalities, Endocrine Disorders, Immunologic Causes, Environmental Teratogens, Diagnostic Testing, Basal Body Temperature, Hysterosalpingogram, Postcoital Test, Ultrasound Imaging, Semen Analysis, Sperm Penetration Assay, Ovulation Prediction, Ovulation Induction Medications, Superovulation, Laparoscopy, Intrauterine Insemination, Assisted Reproductive Technology, Egg Donation, Surrogacy Options Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 Infertility The inability to achieve conception after one year of unprotected intercourse. 10%-20% of women cannot conceive when desired. Male Infertility Abnormalities of the Sperm •Oligospermia •Azoospermia Abnormal erections Abnormal ejaculation Abnormalities of seminal fluid Factors in the Female - •Problems with Ovulation and Release of Normal Ova •Problems with Ovulation and Release of Normal Ova •Hormonal abnormalities may disrupt ovarian stimulation, maturation and release of ovum. •eg: tumors, stress, obesity, anorexia, disease (such as PCOS) •Ovulation disorders may cause abnormal menses Factors in the Female - •Passage between cervix and tubes •Passage between cervix and tubes •Abnormalities of the fallopian tubes (need 1 patent tube to conceive) •Tubes may be obstructed (scar tissue from STDs, endometriosis, surgeries, peritonitis, cysts, congenital abnormalities, etc.) •Tubes may have impaired motility of the fimbriated end of the tube. What infertility treatments can assist a woman with blocked fallopian tubes? Endometriosis may cause adhesions that act like a glue in the reproductive structures. Factors in the Female - •Abnormalities of the Cervix •Abnormalities of the Cervix •Estrogen peak 2 days before ovulation causes mucus production from cervix. Mucus is needed for passage and capacitation of sperm. •Reduced mucus due to hormonal insufficiencies or damaged mucus producing glands. •Cervical damage due to scarring from surgeries or infections. Repeated Pregnancy Loss Not able to maintain a pregnancy has the same result as not being able to conceive: •Abnormalities of Fetal Chromosomes leads to SAB •Abnormalities of cervix and uterus -Incompetent Cervix: