POLI 2051 HOGAN ACTUAL EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+

POLI 2051 HOGAN ACTUAL EXAM 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+

>> POLI 2051
Answer: American Government / Introduction to American Politics


>> Constitution
Answer: Fundamental law of the United States


>> Federalism
Answer: Division of power between national and state governments


>> Unitary System
Answer: Central government holds most power


>> Confederal System
Answer: States hold most power


>> Dual Federalism
Answer: Separate spheres of authority (layer cake)


>> Cooperative Federalism
Answer: Shared powers (marble cake)


>> Fiscal Federalism
Answer: Money transfers between levels of government

, >> Categorical Grants
Answer: Funds for specific purpose with conditions


>> Block Grants
Answer: Broad purpose, more state discretion


>> Mandates
Answer: Requirements on states without funding


>> Unfunded Mandates
Answer: Mandates without federal funding


>> Preemption
Answer: Federal law overrides state law


>> Supremacy Clause
Answer: Federal law is supreme


>> Commerce Clause
Answer: Congress regulates interstate commerce


>> Necessary and Proper Clause
Answer: Elastic clause; implied powers


>> McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Answer: Established implied powers and federal supremacy


>> Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
Answer: Federal commerce power over states