ITN 100 FINAL ACTUAL PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+
>> Clients
Answer: Devices on the network that request information from servers
>> Servers
Answer: Devices on the network that deliver information or provide services to clients
>> Network interface cards
Answer: Also called network cards and network adapters; operate at layers 1 and 2; commonly built
into motherboards; Ethernet NICs contain unique MAC address
>> Hubs and switches
Answer: Link cables from different devices, sometimes more than one type of cabling; act as repeaters,
reconstructing and strengthening incoming signals
>> Network topology
Answer: Describes the physical and logical relationship of nodes in a network, the schematic
arrangement of the links and nodes
>> Access points
Answer: Use radio waves to connect wireless clients to the wired network (instead of connecting using
hubs/switches)
>> IEEE 802.3
Answer: Essentially Wired Ethernet
>> IEEE 802.11
Answer: WiFi
>> Hub-based Ethernet
Answer: Also called shared or traditional Ethernet; logical bus topology means that all devices receive
every frame as if they were connected to the same circuit; uses physical star topology
>> Switch-based Ethernet
Answer: Logical star topology means that only the destination receives the frame; switch reads
destination address of the frame and only sends it to the interface (physical port) connected to a
circuit; uses forwarding tables (also called MAC or CAM tables), which are similar to routing tables;
breaks up the collision domain; uses Physical star topology
, >> Store and forward switching
Answer: Frames retransmitted after entire frame is received and error check is complete (Slower but
fewer errors)
>> Cut-through switching
Answer: Frames retransmitted as soon as destination address read (Low latency, but some capacity
wasted)
>> Fragment-free switching
Answer: Frames retransmitted once the header (first 64 bytes) is received and has no errors
(Compromise between store and forward and cut through)
>> Carrier Sense (CS)
Answer: A device 'listens' to determine if another computer is transmitting. Only transmit when no
other computer is transmitting
>> Multiple Access (MA)
Answer: Many devices have access to transmit on the network medium
>> Collision Detection (CD)
Answer: Collisions occur when multiple devices transmit simultaneously. If a collision is detected, wait
a random amount of time and resend
>> WEP
Answer: Insecure and outdated
>> WPA
Answer: Stronger encryption
>> Throughput
Answer: The total data transmitted in a period of time
>> Backbone Network
Answer: High-speed network that connects other networks together (LANs, WANs); distribution layer
BNs connect access LANs; core layer BNs connect different buildings
>> Layer-2 switches
Answer: Transparent devices that do not change messages, only read and forward them; managed
have configuration options and management features
>> Vlan/Layer 3
Answer: Combines functions of layer-2 switches and routers; acts exactly like a L2 switch but it can
have IP Addresses and do routing
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+
>> Clients
Answer: Devices on the network that request information from servers
>> Servers
Answer: Devices on the network that deliver information or provide services to clients
>> Network interface cards
Answer: Also called network cards and network adapters; operate at layers 1 and 2; commonly built
into motherboards; Ethernet NICs contain unique MAC address
>> Hubs and switches
Answer: Link cables from different devices, sometimes more than one type of cabling; act as repeaters,
reconstructing and strengthening incoming signals
>> Network topology
Answer: Describes the physical and logical relationship of nodes in a network, the schematic
arrangement of the links and nodes
>> Access points
Answer: Use radio waves to connect wireless clients to the wired network (instead of connecting using
hubs/switches)
>> IEEE 802.3
Answer: Essentially Wired Ethernet
>> IEEE 802.11
Answer: WiFi
>> Hub-based Ethernet
Answer: Also called shared or traditional Ethernet; logical bus topology means that all devices receive
every frame as if they were connected to the same circuit; uses physical star topology
>> Switch-based Ethernet
Answer: Logical star topology means that only the destination receives the frame; switch reads
destination address of the frame and only sends it to the interface (physical port) connected to a
circuit; uses forwarding tables (also called MAC or CAM tables), which are similar to routing tables;
breaks up the collision domain; uses Physical star topology
, >> Store and forward switching
Answer: Frames retransmitted after entire frame is received and error check is complete (Slower but
fewer errors)
>> Cut-through switching
Answer: Frames retransmitted as soon as destination address read (Low latency, but some capacity
wasted)
>> Fragment-free switching
Answer: Frames retransmitted once the header (first 64 bytes) is received and has no errors
(Compromise between store and forward and cut through)
>> Carrier Sense (CS)
Answer: A device 'listens' to determine if another computer is transmitting. Only transmit when no
other computer is transmitting
>> Multiple Access (MA)
Answer: Many devices have access to transmit on the network medium
>> Collision Detection (CD)
Answer: Collisions occur when multiple devices transmit simultaneously. If a collision is detected, wait
a random amount of time and resend
>> WEP
Answer: Insecure and outdated
>> WPA
Answer: Stronger encryption
>> Throughput
Answer: The total data transmitted in a period of time
>> Backbone Network
Answer: High-speed network that connects other networks together (LANs, WANs); distribution layer
BNs connect access LANs; core layer BNs connect different buildings
>> Layer-2 switches
Answer: Transparent devices that do not change messages, only read and forward them; managed
have configuration options and management features
>> Vlan/Layer 3
Answer: Combines functions of layer-2 switches and routers; acts exactly like a L2 switch but it can
have IP Addresses and do routing
