Ultimate EMT Exam
Ultimate EMT/NREMT Actual Exam COMPLETE
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
with DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED A+
GUARANTEED PASS- ACE YOUR EXAM
You are assessing a middle-aged male who is experiencing respiratory distress. The patient
has a history of emphysema and hypertension. He appears fatigued; has weak retractions;
and labored, shallow breathing. Your MOST immediate action should be to:
• A:auscultate his breath sounds to detect wheezing.
• B:administer oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask.
• C:assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device.
• D:assess his oxygen saturation with a pulse oximeter.
You selected C; This is correct!
Detailed Rationale:
A+ TEST BANK 1
, Ultimate EMT Exam
Your patient is NOT breathing adequately. He is fatigued; has weak retractions; and labored,
shallow breathing. If you do not treat him immediately, he may stop breathing altogether.
You should begin assisting his ventilations with a bag-mask device and high-flow oxygen.
After initiating ventilatory assistance, attach the pulse oximeter to assess his oxygen
saturation and auscultate his breath sounds. A nonrebreathing mask is appropriate for
patients with difficulty breathing who are moving air adequately; this patient is not!
After stopping the burning process, emergency care for a 68-year-old male with partial- and
full-thickness burns to his chest and upper extremities includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
• A:preparing to assist the patient's ventilations.
• B:covering the burns with dry, sterile dressings.
• C:flushing the burns with cool water for 10 minutes.
• D:avoiding the use of burn ointments or antiseptics.
You selected C; This is correct!
Detailed Rationale:
Unless the patient is on fire, do not apply water to a full-thickness (third-degree) burn,
especially if the patient is already prone to hypothermia and infection (ie, older adults, small
children). Cover the burns with dry, sterile dressings or a sterile burn sheet. The use of burn
creams, ointments, or antiseptics should be avoided; these increase the risk of infection and
will only need to be removed at the hospital. Apply high-flow oxygen, treat any associated
injuries, and rapidly transport the patient. If the patient is breathing inadequately (eg, fast or
slow rate, shallow breathing [reduced tidal volume]), assist ventilations with a bag-mask
device.
A 30-year-old woman has an open deformity to her left leg and is in severe pain. She is
conscious and alert, has a patent airway, and is breathing adequately. Your primary concern
should be:
• A:administering high-flow oxygen.
• B:controlling any external bleeding.
• C:assessing pulses distal to the injury.
• D:covering the wound to prevent infection.
A+ TEST BANK 2
, Ultimate EMT Exam
The correct answer is B;
Detailed Rationale:
Initial care for any open injury involves controlling external bleeding. Further care involves
manually stabilizing the injury site; applying a sterile dressing to keep gross contaminants from
entering the wound; assessing distal perfusion (eg, a pulse), motor, and sensory functions;
and stabilizing the injury with an appropriate splint. The patient in this scenario is conscious,
alert, has a patent airway, and is breathing adequately. Depending on other assessment
findings, oxygen may be indicated. Your primary concern, however, should be to ensure that
all external bleeding has been controlled.
A patient's skin will MOST likely become cyanotic if he or she has:
• A:a decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide.
• B:a decrease in the amount of arterial oxygen.
• C:an increase in the amount of arterial oxygen.
• D:an overall increase in circulating red blood cells.
You selected B; This is correct!
Detailed Rationale:
Cyanosis, a blue or purple tint to the skin, reflects an inadequate amount of oxygen in the
arterial blood. More specifically, cyanosis indicates that a significant amount of hemoglobin
has separated from the red blood cells (desaturation), which makes the arterial blood less
able to carry oxygen. An overall increase in the number of circulating red blood cells
(polycythemia), would likely cause a patient's skin to remain pink, not become cyanotic.
Patients with cyanosis must be given high-flow oxygen and, if needed, positive-pressure
ventilations if they are apneic or breathing inadequately (eg, fast or slow rate, shallow
breathing [reduced tidal volume]).
Which of the following occurs during positive-pressure ventilation?
• A:Intrathoracic pressure increases
• B:The esophagus remains closed
• C:Oxygen is pulled into the lungs
• D:Blood is drawn back to the heart
A+ TEST BANK 3
, Ultimate EMT Exam
You selected A; This is correct!
Detailed Rationale:
Negative-pressure ventilation, the act of normal breathing, occurs when the diaphragm and
intercostal muscles contract. The actions of these muscles create a vacuum (negative
pressure), which pulls oxygen-rich air into the lungs. Because of the negative pressure created
in the chest, blood is naturally drawn back to the heart. The esophagus remains closed during
normal breathing. In contrast, positive-pressure ventilation involves the forcing of air into the
lungs, such as what is provided during rescue breathing. Positive-pressure ventilation causes
an increase in intrathoracic pressure, which can impair blood flow back to the heart and cause
a decrease in cardiac output. During positive-pressure ventilation, the esophagus is forced
open and air enters the stomach (gastric distention); this could result in vomiting and
aspiration.
A gang member was cut on the left side of the neck during a fight and is bleeding heavily from
the wound. His airway is patent and his breathing is adequate. You should immediately:
• A:cover the wound with an occlusive dressing and apply direct pressure.
• B:perform a head-to-toe assessment to find and treat other injuries.
• C:apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min.
• D:apply a tight pressure dressing and secure it in place with tape.
You selected A; This is correct!
Detailed Rationale:
Neck lacerations are extremely dangerous and can result in severe bleeding and shock, air
embolism, or both. If a jugular vein is lacerated, air can be sucked into the wound, enter the
circulatory system, and cause a pulmonary embolism. You should immediately apply an
occlusive dressing to the wound (prevents entrainment of air), place a bulky dressing over the
occlusive dressing, and apply direct pressure. Your patient has a patent airway and is
breathing adequately; although high-flow oxygen is important and should be given as soon as
possible, it does not take priority over bleeding control for this particular patient. After
treating all airway, breathing, and circulation problems, perform a head-to-toe assessment (if
indicated) and prepare for rapid transport.
A+ TEST BANK 4
Ultimate EMT/NREMT Actual Exam COMPLETE
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
with DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED A+
GUARANTEED PASS- ACE YOUR EXAM
You are assessing a middle-aged male who is experiencing respiratory distress. The patient
has a history of emphysema and hypertension. He appears fatigued; has weak retractions;
and labored, shallow breathing. Your MOST immediate action should be to:
• A:auscultate his breath sounds to detect wheezing.
• B:administer oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask.
• C:assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device.
• D:assess his oxygen saturation with a pulse oximeter.
You selected C; This is correct!
Detailed Rationale:
A+ TEST BANK 1
, Ultimate EMT Exam
Your patient is NOT breathing adequately. He is fatigued; has weak retractions; and labored,
shallow breathing. If you do not treat him immediately, he may stop breathing altogether.
You should begin assisting his ventilations with a bag-mask device and high-flow oxygen.
After initiating ventilatory assistance, attach the pulse oximeter to assess his oxygen
saturation and auscultate his breath sounds. A nonrebreathing mask is appropriate for
patients with difficulty breathing who are moving air adequately; this patient is not!
After stopping the burning process, emergency care for a 68-year-old male with partial- and
full-thickness burns to his chest and upper extremities includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
• A:preparing to assist the patient's ventilations.
• B:covering the burns with dry, sterile dressings.
• C:flushing the burns with cool water for 10 minutes.
• D:avoiding the use of burn ointments or antiseptics.
You selected C; This is correct!
Detailed Rationale:
Unless the patient is on fire, do not apply water to a full-thickness (third-degree) burn,
especially if the patient is already prone to hypothermia and infection (ie, older adults, small
children). Cover the burns with dry, sterile dressings or a sterile burn sheet. The use of burn
creams, ointments, or antiseptics should be avoided; these increase the risk of infection and
will only need to be removed at the hospital. Apply high-flow oxygen, treat any associated
injuries, and rapidly transport the patient. If the patient is breathing inadequately (eg, fast or
slow rate, shallow breathing [reduced tidal volume]), assist ventilations with a bag-mask
device.
A 30-year-old woman has an open deformity to her left leg and is in severe pain. She is
conscious and alert, has a patent airway, and is breathing adequately. Your primary concern
should be:
• A:administering high-flow oxygen.
• B:controlling any external bleeding.
• C:assessing pulses distal to the injury.
• D:covering the wound to prevent infection.
A+ TEST BANK 2
, Ultimate EMT Exam
The correct answer is B;
Detailed Rationale:
Initial care for any open injury involves controlling external bleeding. Further care involves
manually stabilizing the injury site; applying a sterile dressing to keep gross contaminants from
entering the wound; assessing distal perfusion (eg, a pulse), motor, and sensory functions;
and stabilizing the injury with an appropriate splint. The patient in this scenario is conscious,
alert, has a patent airway, and is breathing adequately. Depending on other assessment
findings, oxygen may be indicated. Your primary concern, however, should be to ensure that
all external bleeding has been controlled.
A patient's skin will MOST likely become cyanotic if he or she has:
• A:a decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide.
• B:a decrease in the amount of arterial oxygen.
• C:an increase in the amount of arterial oxygen.
• D:an overall increase in circulating red blood cells.
You selected B; This is correct!
Detailed Rationale:
Cyanosis, a blue or purple tint to the skin, reflects an inadequate amount of oxygen in the
arterial blood. More specifically, cyanosis indicates that a significant amount of hemoglobin
has separated from the red blood cells (desaturation), which makes the arterial blood less
able to carry oxygen. An overall increase in the number of circulating red blood cells
(polycythemia), would likely cause a patient's skin to remain pink, not become cyanotic.
Patients with cyanosis must be given high-flow oxygen and, if needed, positive-pressure
ventilations if they are apneic or breathing inadequately (eg, fast or slow rate, shallow
breathing [reduced tidal volume]).
Which of the following occurs during positive-pressure ventilation?
• A:Intrathoracic pressure increases
• B:The esophagus remains closed
• C:Oxygen is pulled into the lungs
• D:Blood is drawn back to the heart
A+ TEST BANK 3
, Ultimate EMT Exam
You selected A; This is correct!
Detailed Rationale:
Negative-pressure ventilation, the act of normal breathing, occurs when the diaphragm and
intercostal muscles contract. The actions of these muscles create a vacuum (negative
pressure), which pulls oxygen-rich air into the lungs. Because of the negative pressure created
in the chest, blood is naturally drawn back to the heart. The esophagus remains closed during
normal breathing. In contrast, positive-pressure ventilation involves the forcing of air into the
lungs, such as what is provided during rescue breathing. Positive-pressure ventilation causes
an increase in intrathoracic pressure, which can impair blood flow back to the heart and cause
a decrease in cardiac output. During positive-pressure ventilation, the esophagus is forced
open and air enters the stomach (gastric distention); this could result in vomiting and
aspiration.
A gang member was cut on the left side of the neck during a fight and is bleeding heavily from
the wound. His airway is patent and his breathing is adequate. You should immediately:
• A:cover the wound with an occlusive dressing and apply direct pressure.
• B:perform a head-to-toe assessment to find and treat other injuries.
• C:apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min.
• D:apply a tight pressure dressing and secure it in place with tape.
You selected A; This is correct!
Detailed Rationale:
Neck lacerations are extremely dangerous and can result in severe bleeding and shock, air
embolism, or both. If a jugular vein is lacerated, air can be sucked into the wound, enter the
circulatory system, and cause a pulmonary embolism. You should immediately apply an
occlusive dressing to the wound (prevents entrainment of air), place a bulky dressing over the
occlusive dressing, and apply direct pressure. Your patient has a patent airway and is
breathing adequately; although high-flow oxygen is important and should be given as soon as
possible, it does not take priority over bleeding control for this particular patient. After
treating all airway, breathing, and circulation problems, perform a head-to-toe assessment (if
indicated) and prepare for rapid transport.
A+ TEST BANK 4
