NUR 128 EXAMPREP FULL PAPER 2026 SOLVED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
▶ Propofol . Answer: Used for sedation in ICU, rapid anesthesia induction,
short procedures. Less postoperative nausea;has a rapid onset, does not
usually cause nausea, and poor analgesia
▶ Propofol can affect . Answer: triglycerides; monitor triglyceride levels
▶ ICU delirium . Answer: a serious problem encountered in the ICU;
patients have an increased length of stay & increased mortality; commonly
occurs in elderly patients, is treated with haloperidol, although
dexmedetomidine (Precedex) is the preferred drug for sedation in the
elderly
▶ If respiratory depression is a concern . Answer: dexmedetomidine
(Precedex) is the preferred anesthetic; however, it should not be used
longer than 24 hours as per the FDA-approved product information.
▶ Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) . Answer: a group of
second-generation antidepressant drugs that increase serotonin activity
specifically, without affecting other neurotransmitters; citalopram (Celexa),
escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac), fluvoxamine (Luvox),
paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft), vortioxetine (Trintellix).
▶ Side effects of SSRIs . Answer: include weight gain, GI distress,
decreased sexual libido and insomnia
▶ Olanzapine . Answer: Zyprexa; a second-generation antipsychotic, has
the advantage of being available as a long-acting injection for acute
psychotic reactions
▶ Drugs most effective in alcohol withdrawal . Answer: Lorazepam (Ativan)
and phenobarbital; if liver dysfunction is present, lorazepam is the preferred
agent because of its different metabolic pathway than other
benzodiazepines.
, ▶ All Benzodiazepines . Answer: May cause drowsiness. Alcohol may
intensify this effect. Use care when operating a car or dangerous
machinery
Avoid taking this medication with grapefruit juice or grapefruit specifically:
diazepam, triazolam; can increase falls in the elderly and other people
unsteady on their feet
▶ Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system . Answer: include
epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine and dobutamine
▶ Drugs acting on the parasympathetic nervous system . Answer: include
atropine, oxybutynin, and ipratropium
▶ arachnoid villi (granulations) . Answer: help recycle CSF to blood; look
like little warts; allow CSF to general circulation. Absorb excess
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that accumulates in the cerebral venous sinuses
that surround the brain; the villi maintains normal CSF volume and
pressure
▶ Circle of Willis . Answer: supplies collateral blood flow to the brain
▶ adrenal medulla . Answer: will increase secretion of the catecholamines
epinephrine and norepinephrine due to sympathetic stimulation caused by
increased stress
▶ antidiuretic hormone (ADH) . Answer: promotes retention of water by
kidneys; is synthesized in the hypothalamus, and acts on the renal tubular
cells
▶ Low levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) . Answer: can cause diabetes
insipidus (DI)
▶ A patient with diabetes insipidus (DI) . Answer: will have a laboratory
finding of low urine specific gravity
▶ Multiple Sclerosis (MS) . Answer: destruction of the myelin sheath on
neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard)
tissue; is a disorder involving the demyelination of CNS nerve fibers
(central component of the pathological model)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
▶ Propofol . Answer: Used for sedation in ICU, rapid anesthesia induction,
short procedures. Less postoperative nausea;has a rapid onset, does not
usually cause nausea, and poor analgesia
▶ Propofol can affect . Answer: triglycerides; monitor triglyceride levels
▶ ICU delirium . Answer: a serious problem encountered in the ICU;
patients have an increased length of stay & increased mortality; commonly
occurs in elderly patients, is treated with haloperidol, although
dexmedetomidine (Precedex) is the preferred drug for sedation in the
elderly
▶ If respiratory depression is a concern . Answer: dexmedetomidine
(Precedex) is the preferred anesthetic; however, it should not be used
longer than 24 hours as per the FDA-approved product information.
▶ Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) . Answer: a group of
second-generation antidepressant drugs that increase serotonin activity
specifically, without affecting other neurotransmitters; citalopram (Celexa),
escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac), fluvoxamine (Luvox),
paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft), vortioxetine (Trintellix).
▶ Side effects of SSRIs . Answer: include weight gain, GI distress,
decreased sexual libido and insomnia
▶ Olanzapine . Answer: Zyprexa; a second-generation antipsychotic, has
the advantage of being available as a long-acting injection for acute
psychotic reactions
▶ Drugs most effective in alcohol withdrawal . Answer: Lorazepam (Ativan)
and phenobarbital; if liver dysfunction is present, lorazepam is the preferred
agent because of its different metabolic pathway than other
benzodiazepines.
, ▶ All Benzodiazepines . Answer: May cause drowsiness. Alcohol may
intensify this effect. Use care when operating a car or dangerous
machinery
Avoid taking this medication with grapefruit juice or grapefruit specifically:
diazepam, triazolam; can increase falls in the elderly and other people
unsteady on their feet
▶ Drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system . Answer: include
epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine and dobutamine
▶ Drugs acting on the parasympathetic nervous system . Answer: include
atropine, oxybutynin, and ipratropium
▶ arachnoid villi (granulations) . Answer: help recycle CSF to blood; look
like little warts; allow CSF to general circulation. Absorb excess
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that accumulates in the cerebral venous sinuses
that surround the brain; the villi maintains normal CSF volume and
pressure
▶ Circle of Willis . Answer: supplies collateral blood flow to the brain
▶ adrenal medulla . Answer: will increase secretion of the catecholamines
epinephrine and norepinephrine due to sympathetic stimulation caused by
increased stress
▶ antidiuretic hormone (ADH) . Answer: promotes retention of water by
kidneys; is synthesized in the hypothalamus, and acts on the renal tubular
cells
▶ Low levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) . Answer: can cause diabetes
insipidus (DI)
▶ A patient with diabetes insipidus (DI) . Answer: will have a laboratory
finding of low urine specific gravity
▶ Multiple Sclerosis (MS) . Answer: destruction of the myelin sheath on
neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard)
tissue; is a disorder involving the demyelination of CNS nerve fibers
(central component of the pathological model)
