PATHOPHYSIOLOGY VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES GRADED A+
TEST BANK FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
HESI VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES GRADED
A+ GUARANTEED PASS UPDATED
VERSION
A client with giardiasis is taking metronidazole (Flagyl) 2 grams PO. Which information should the
nurse include in the client's instruction?
Notify the clinic of any changes in the color of urine.
Avoid overexposure to the sun.
Stop the medication after the diarrhea resolves.
Take the medication with food.
Take the medication with food.
Rationale
Flagyl, an amoebicide and antibacterial agent, may cause gastric distress, so the client should be
instructed to take the medication on a full stomach. Urine may be red-brown or dark from Flagyl,
but this side effect is an expectant finding and not necessary to report tot he healthcare
provider.
The healthcare provider prescribes digitalis (Digoxin) for a client diagnosed with heart failure.
Which intervention should the nurse implement prior to administering the digoxin?
Observe respiratory rate and depth.
A+ TEST BANK 1
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES GRADED A+
Assess the serum potassium level.
Obtain the client's blood pressure.
Monitor the serum glucose level.
Assess the serum potassium level.
Rationale
Hypokalemia (decreased serum potassium) will precipitate digitalis toxicity in persons receiving
digoxin. The nurse should monitor the client's serum potassium levels. Blood pressure and
respiratory rate will not inform the nurse about potential safety issues with digitalis.
The nurse is teaching a client with cancer about opioid management for intractable pain and
tolerance related side effects. The nurse should prepare the client for which side effect that is
most likely to persist during long-term use of opioids?
Sedation.
Constipation.
Urinary retention.
Respiratory depression.
Constipation.
Rationale
The client should be prepared to implement measures for constipation which is the most likely
persistent side effect related to opioid use. Tolerance to opiate narcotics is common, and the
client may experience less sedation and respiratory depression as analgesic use continues.
Opioids increase the tone in the urinary bladder sphincter, which causes retention but may
subside. The most likely persistent side effect is constipation.
A+ TEST BANK 2
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES GRADED A+
In teaching a client who had a liver transplant about cyclosporine (Sandimmune), the nurse
should encourage the client to report which adverse response to the healthcare provider?
Changes in urine color.
Presence of hand tremors.
Increasing body hirsutism.
Nausea and vomiting.
Presence of hand tremors.
Rationale
Neurological complications, such as hand tremors, occur in about 50% of clients taking
cyclosporine and should be reported. Although this drug can be nephrotoxic, changes in urine
color typically does not occur. Nausea is a common side effects, but is not usually severe.
While taking a nursing history, the client states, "I am allergic to penicillin." What related allergy
to another type of antiinfective agent should the nurse ask the client about when taking the
nursing history?
Aminoglycosides.
Cephalosporins.
Sulfonamides.
Tetracyclines.
Cephalosporins.
Rationale
A+ TEST BANK 3
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES GRADED A+
If a client has a history of being allergic to penicillin (PCN); there is appears to be a cross
sensitivity between penicillins and 1st generation cephalosporins. According to research, there
appears to be no cross sensitivity between PCN and 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporins.
A 43-year-old female client is receiving thyroid replacement hormone following a thyroidectomy.
What adverse effects associated with thyroid hormone toxicity should the nurse instruct the
client to report promptly to the healthcare provider?
Tinnitus and dizziness.
Tachycardia and chest pain.
Dry skin and intolerance to cold.
Weight gain and increased appetite.
Tachycardia and chest pain.
Rationale
Thyroid replacement hormone increases the metabolic rate of all tissues, so common signs and
symptoms of toxicity include tachycardia and chest pain.
Which dosing schedule should the nurse teach the client to observe for a controlled-release
oxycodone prescription?
As needed.
Every 12 hours.
Every 24 hours.
Every 4 to 6 hours.
Every 12 hours.
A+ TEST BANK 4
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES GRADED A+
TEST BANK FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
HESI VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES GRADED
A+ GUARANTEED PASS UPDATED
VERSION
A client with giardiasis is taking metronidazole (Flagyl) 2 grams PO. Which information should the
nurse include in the client's instruction?
Notify the clinic of any changes in the color of urine.
Avoid overexposure to the sun.
Stop the medication after the diarrhea resolves.
Take the medication with food.
Take the medication with food.
Rationale
Flagyl, an amoebicide and antibacterial agent, may cause gastric distress, so the client should be
instructed to take the medication on a full stomach. Urine may be red-brown or dark from Flagyl,
but this side effect is an expectant finding and not necessary to report tot he healthcare
provider.
The healthcare provider prescribes digitalis (Digoxin) for a client diagnosed with heart failure.
Which intervention should the nurse implement prior to administering the digoxin?
Observe respiratory rate and depth.
A+ TEST BANK 1
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES GRADED A+
Assess the serum potassium level.
Obtain the client's blood pressure.
Monitor the serum glucose level.
Assess the serum potassium level.
Rationale
Hypokalemia (decreased serum potassium) will precipitate digitalis toxicity in persons receiving
digoxin. The nurse should monitor the client's serum potassium levels. Blood pressure and
respiratory rate will not inform the nurse about potential safety issues with digitalis.
The nurse is teaching a client with cancer about opioid management for intractable pain and
tolerance related side effects. The nurse should prepare the client for which side effect that is
most likely to persist during long-term use of opioids?
Sedation.
Constipation.
Urinary retention.
Respiratory depression.
Constipation.
Rationale
The client should be prepared to implement measures for constipation which is the most likely
persistent side effect related to opioid use. Tolerance to opiate narcotics is common, and the
client may experience less sedation and respiratory depression as analgesic use continues.
Opioids increase the tone in the urinary bladder sphincter, which causes retention but may
subside. The most likely persistent side effect is constipation.
A+ TEST BANK 2
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES GRADED A+
In teaching a client who had a liver transplant about cyclosporine (Sandimmune), the nurse
should encourage the client to report which adverse response to the healthcare provider?
Changes in urine color.
Presence of hand tremors.
Increasing body hirsutism.
Nausea and vomiting.
Presence of hand tremors.
Rationale
Neurological complications, such as hand tremors, occur in about 50% of clients taking
cyclosporine and should be reported. Although this drug can be nephrotoxic, changes in urine
color typically does not occur. Nausea is a common side effects, but is not usually severe.
While taking a nursing history, the client states, "I am allergic to penicillin." What related allergy
to another type of antiinfective agent should the nurse ask the client about when taking the
nursing history?
Aminoglycosides.
Cephalosporins.
Sulfonamides.
Tetracyclines.
Cephalosporins.
Rationale
A+ TEST BANK 3
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES GRADED A+
If a client has a history of being allergic to penicillin (PCN); there is appears to be a cross
sensitivity between penicillins and 1st generation cephalosporins. According to research, there
appears to be no cross sensitivity between PCN and 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporins.
A 43-year-old female client is receiving thyroid replacement hormone following a thyroidectomy.
What adverse effects associated with thyroid hormone toxicity should the nurse instruct the
client to report promptly to the healthcare provider?
Tinnitus and dizziness.
Tachycardia and chest pain.
Dry skin and intolerance to cold.
Weight gain and increased appetite.
Tachycardia and chest pain.
Rationale
Thyroid replacement hormone increases the metabolic rate of all tissues, so common signs and
symptoms of toxicity include tachycardia and chest pain.
Which dosing schedule should the nurse teach the client to observe for a controlled-release
oxycodone prescription?
As needed.
Every 12 hours.
Every 24 hours.
Every 4 to 6 hours.
Every 12 hours.
A+ TEST BANK 4
