PORTHS ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
5TH EDITION 2026 EXAMPREP REVIEW SCRIPT
DETAILED ANSWER KEY
◉ The first 22 chromosomes in the human genome are what? Answer:
Autosomes
◉ True/False: Different cells in the body contain different genetic
information. Answer: False. All cells contain the same genetic
information.
◉ What are normal genetic variations that account for individual
differences called? Answer: Polymorphisms.
◉ Codons that specify the same amino acid are called? Answer:
Synonyms.
◉ The genetic code is said to be ______________ because some codon
triplets code for the same amino acid.c Answer: Redundant or
degenerate.
◉ __________________ forms over half the ribosome. Answer:
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
, ◉ rRNA is produced in what nuclear structure? Answer: Nucleolus.
◉ Aside from rRNA, what else is within the ribosome? Answer:
Structural proteins and enzymes needed for protein synthesis.
◉ What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA)? Answer: To deliver the
activated for of an amino acid to the protein being synthesized in the
ribosome.
◉ Transcription occurs where? Answer: The nucleus.
◉ Transcription is defined as what? Answer: The process in which RNA
is synthesized from the DNA template.
◉ During transcription, genes are transcribed by what enzyme? Answer:
RNA polymerase.
◉ RNA polymerase binds to what region on the DNA strand? Answer:
Within the promoter region on the thymine-adenine-thymine-adenine
box (TATA box).
◉ What is RNA splicing? Answer: Non-coding sequences called introns
are cut out, protein coding sequences called exons are kept and and
spliced (joined) together.
5TH EDITION 2026 EXAMPREP REVIEW SCRIPT
DETAILED ANSWER KEY
◉ The first 22 chromosomes in the human genome are what? Answer:
Autosomes
◉ True/False: Different cells in the body contain different genetic
information. Answer: False. All cells contain the same genetic
information.
◉ What are normal genetic variations that account for individual
differences called? Answer: Polymorphisms.
◉ Codons that specify the same amino acid are called? Answer:
Synonyms.
◉ The genetic code is said to be ______________ because some codon
triplets code for the same amino acid.c Answer: Redundant or
degenerate.
◉ __________________ forms over half the ribosome. Answer:
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
, ◉ rRNA is produced in what nuclear structure? Answer: Nucleolus.
◉ Aside from rRNA, what else is within the ribosome? Answer:
Structural proteins and enzymes needed for protein synthesis.
◉ What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA)? Answer: To deliver the
activated for of an amino acid to the protein being synthesized in the
ribosome.
◉ Transcription occurs where? Answer: The nucleus.
◉ Transcription is defined as what? Answer: The process in which RNA
is synthesized from the DNA template.
◉ During transcription, genes are transcribed by what enzyme? Answer:
RNA polymerase.
◉ RNA polymerase binds to what region on the DNA strand? Answer:
Within the promoter region on the thymine-adenine-thymine-adenine
box (TATA box).
◉ What is RNA splicing? Answer: Non-coding sequences called introns
are cut out, protein coding sequences called exons are kept and and
spliced (joined) together.
