PORTH'S ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
PRACTICE SOLUTION 2026 QUESTIONS
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ The environment of the vagina is moist with a pH 4.0 to 4.5. The
major purpose of the acidic environment is which of the following?
Answer: Bacteriostatic
◉ A female client with anorexia nervosa tells the nurse that she has
been experiencing amenorrhea. The nurse is aware that this is a
result of: Answer: Alteration of critical body fat-to-muscle ratio
needed for menses to occur
◉ The nurse is teaching a class to adolescent girls about puberty.
Which health information is accurate for inclusion in the class?
Select all that apply. Answer: • Ovaries produce hormones that cause
growth of reproductive organs.
• Estrogen stimulates bone growth and closure of growth plates.
• Ovulation usually occurs in the middle of the monthly cycle.
◉ There are two types of vulvar cancer. One type is found in older
women, and one type is found in younger women, generally less
than 40 years of age. What is the type found in younger women
thought to be caused by? Answer: Human papillomavirus
,◉ A client who has been diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome
(PMS) asks if there is anything to help alleviate the symptoms. The
best response would be: Answer: Eat a diet low in simple sugars and
high in protein
◉ Select the structure primarily responsible for the secretions of
luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and
prolactin. Answer: Anterior pituitary gland
◉ A female patient informs the nurse that she had intercourse
yesterday evening and is wondering if she could become pregnant.
She asks the nurse that if she was pregnant, where it would be
located at present. Which of the following should the nurse tell the
patient? Answer: Fertilization normally occurs in the middle to outer
portion of the Fallopian tube.
◉ Which of the following female patients is at risk for amenorrhea?
Answer: 18-year-old with anorexia nervosa
◉ The nurse is teaching a patient with polycystic ovary syndrome
(PCOS) about the condition. Which of the following statements by
the patient indicates a need for further instruction? Answer: "I
developed this as a result of a sexually transmitted infection."
, ◉ An older adult female comes in to the clinic for her yearly
gynecology appointment and informs the nurse that she is having
pain when having intercourse with her spouse. The patient has been
postmenopausal for at least 5 years. Which of the following is the
nurse's best response? Answer: "This is caused by a decrease in
estrogen levels, but there are things that you may be able to use to
help."
◉ Which hormone is responsible for breast development and the
increase in body temperature that occurs with ovulation? Answer:
Progesterone
◉ An older postmenopausal adult female fractured her left femoral
head. She has sustained several fractures in the past 4 years and has
been taking calcium and vitamin D supplements. Which of the
following is a common problem that this patient is most likely
suffering from? Answer: Osteoporosis
◉ A 70 year-old woman who delivered 4 children during her
reproductive years has weakened pelvic floor muscles. Which of her
following anatomical structures is least susceptible to inappropriate
herniation into her vagina? Answer: Peritoneum
◉ A woman with a regular 28-day menstrual cycle wishes to become
pregnant. At which point in the menstrual cycle is the optimal time
for intercourse to end in fertilization of the ovum? Answer:
Fourteenth day after menses begins
PRACTICE SOLUTION 2026 QUESTIONS
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ The environment of the vagina is moist with a pH 4.0 to 4.5. The
major purpose of the acidic environment is which of the following?
Answer: Bacteriostatic
◉ A female client with anorexia nervosa tells the nurse that she has
been experiencing amenorrhea. The nurse is aware that this is a
result of: Answer: Alteration of critical body fat-to-muscle ratio
needed for menses to occur
◉ The nurse is teaching a class to adolescent girls about puberty.
Which health information is accurate for inclusion in the class?
Select all that apply. Answer: • Ovaries produce hormones that cause
growth of reproductive organs.
• Estrogen stimulates bone growth and closure of growth plates.
• Ovulation usually occurs in the middle of the monthly cycle.
◉ There are two types of vulvar cancer. One type is found in older
women, and one type is found in younger women, generally less
than 40 years of age. What is the type found in younger women
thought to be caused by? Answer: Human papillomavirus
,◉ A client who has been diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome
(PMS) asks if there is anything to help alleviate the symptoms. The
best response would be: Answer: Eat a diet low in simple sugars and
high in protein
◉ Select the structure primarily responsible for the secretions of
luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and
prolactin. Answer: Anterior pituitary gland
◉ A female patient informs the nurse that she had intercourse
yesterday evening and is wondering if she could become pregnant.
She asks the nurse that if she was pregnant, where it would be
located at present. Which of the following should the nurse tell the
patient? Answer: Fertilization normally occurs in the middle to outer
portion of the Fallopian tube.
◉ Which of the following female patients is at risk for amenorrhea?
Answer: 18-year-old with anorexia nervosa
◉ The nurse is teaching a patient with polycystic ovary syndrome
(PCOS) about the condition. Which of the following statements by
the patient indicates a need for further instruction? Answer: "I
developed this as a result of a sexually transmitted infection."
, ◉ An older adult female comes in to the clinic for her yearly
gynecology appointment and informs the nurse that she is having
pain when having intercourse with her spouse. The patient has been
postmenopausal for at least 5 years. Which of the following is the
nurse's best response? Answer: "This is caused by a decrease in
estrogen levels, but there are things that you may be able to use to
help."
◉ Which hormone is responsible for breast development and the
increase in body temperature that occurs with ovulation? Answer:
Progesterone
◉ An older postmenopausal adult female fractured her left femoral
head. She has sustained several fractures in the past 4 years and has
been taking calcium and vitamin D supplements. Which of the
following is a common problem that this patient is most likely
suffering from? Answer: Osteoporosis
◉ A 70 year-old woman who delivered 4 children during her
reproductive years has weakened pelvic floor muscles. Which of her
following anatomical structures is least susceptible to inappropriate
herniation into her vagina? Answer: Peritoneum
◉ A woman with a regular 28-day menstrual cycle wishes to become
pregnant. At which point in the menstrual cycle is the optimal time
for intercourse to end in fertilization of the ovum? Answer:
Fourteenth day after menses begins
