DocGuy Short Notes: Anatomy of the Scalp, Face & Parotid

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ANATOMY
Medicine Made Simple

, SCALP, TEMPLE & FACE

Scalp
 Extent
 Anteriorly - supraorbital margin
 On each sides - superior temporal line
 Posteriorly - superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance

 5 layers
 S - Skin
 C - Connective tissue
 A – Aponeurosis
(Epicranial/deep fascial galea)
 L - Loose connective tissue
 P - Pericranium
 The 1st 3 layers are called the
surgical layers of the scalp /
scalp proper.

 Skin
 Thick (thickest in occipital region)
 High concentration of sebaceous glands

 Connective tissue (superficial fascia)
 dense in the center
 Contains many blood vessels and nerves

 Aponeurosis
 Epicranial aponeurosis is movable on
Pericranium
 on each side attached to superior
temporal line – blends with
temporoparietal fascia

 Occipitofrontalis
 Occipitalis arises from the lateral 2/3rd
of superior nuchal line
 Occipital muscle bellies are separated
across the midline by the aponeurosis
 Occipitalis is innervated by posterior
auricular branch of facial nerve
 Frontalis arises from the front of the aponeurosis/skin of forehead and is inserted to the upper part of
orbicularis oculi and overlying skin of the eyebrow. (Frontalis part has no attachment to the skull).
 The subaponeurotic space extends down beneath the orbicularis oculi into the eyelids.
 Bleeding anywhere beneath the aponeurosis may appear as a ‘black eye’ due to the blood tracking through
the space.
 Frontalis muscle bellies are partially united in the midline and innervated by the temporal branch of the
facial nerve
 Function of the frontalis muscle is to raise eyebrows & cause horizontal wrinkles in the forehead.