NUR 2520 PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH
NURSING TEST BANK PRACTICE SCRIPT
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
⫸ Causes of MS Answer: -Viral infection
-Immunologic
-Genetic factors
-Temperate climates
-Multiple genes confer susceptibility
⫸ precipitating factors for MS Answer: infection, smoking, physical
injury, emotional stress, excessive fatigue, pregnancy, poor health
⫸ Diagnostic Studies for MS Answer: *No definitive test*
MRI (Characteristic white-mater lesions scattered through the brain or
spinal cord)
⫸ Characteristics of MS Answer: · Genetic
· Females more than men
· Tinnitus (ringing in ears)
· ↓ Hearing
· Nystagmus (involuntary eye movement)
,· Diplopia (double vision)
· Dysarthria
· Dysphagia
· Onset 20-40
· Urinary retention
· Spastic bladder
· Constipation
· Weakness may progress to paralysis
· Muscle spasticity
· Ataxia
· Vertigo
⫸ Drug therapy for MS Answer: *a. Immunomodulator drugs are used
initially to modify the disease progression and prevent relapse*
i. Interferon β-1b (betaseron, extavia) & Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone)
are given subcutaneously every other day
ii. Interferon β-1a (avonex (IM), rebif (subq 3x weekly))
iii. Teriflunomide (Aubagio): an immunomodulatory agent with anti-
inflammatory properties.
*b. Corticosteroids (methylprednisolone, prednisone, ACTH)+
i. Helpful in treating acute exacerbations by reducing edema and acute
inflammation at the site of demyelination
ii. If ineffective: Plasmapheresis and IVIg G
c. Other drug therapy
,i. Tricyclic antidepressants & Antiseizure used to treat chronic pain s/s
ii. Dalfampridine (Ampyra) nerve conductor enhancer: used to improve
walking speed (NOT for patients with history of seizure or kidney
disease
⫸ Drug therapy for symptoms of MS Answer: i. Cholinergic
1. Urecholine
2. Neostigmine
ii. Anticholinergics Used to treat bladder symptoms
1. Propantheline
2. Oxybutynin
iii. CNS stimulants Used to treat fatigue
1. Ritalin
2. Provigil
iv. Muscle relaxants Used to reduce spasticity
1. Valium
2. Lioresal
3. Dentrium
4. Zanaflex
5. Nerve conduction enhancer
a. Selective Potassium Channel Blocker
i. Ampyra
, ⫸ Drug therapy for aggressive MS Answer: i. IV natalizumab (Tysabri):
a monoclonal antibody and is given monthly when patients have had an
inadequate response to other drugs.
ii. IV mitoxantrone (Novantrone): an antineoplastic medication, has
serious effects, including cardiotoxicity, leukemia, and infertility.
iii. Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera): provides a new approach to treating
MS by activating the Nrf2 pathway. This pathway provides a way for
cells in the body to defend themselves against the inflammation and
oxidative stress caused by MS. Dimethyl fumarate is used to treat
relapsing-remitting MS.
⫸ important neurotransmitters for MS Answer: glutamate and aspartate
⫸ Definition of Parkinson's disease Answer: *A chronic, progressive
neurodegenerative disorder characterized by slowness in the initiation &
execution of movement (Bradykinesia)*
-Increased muscle tone (rigidity)
-Tremor at rest and impaired postural reflexes and gait disturbance
-Is a disease of the basal ganglia characterized by slowness in the
initiation & execution of movement (bradykinesia), increased muscle
tone (rigidity), tumor at rest, and impaired postural reflexes.
⫸ Drug therapy for PD Answer: a. Dopaminergic
b. Dopamine receptor agonist
c. Anticholinergic
d. Antihistamine
NURSING TEST BANK PRACTICE SCRIPT
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
⫸ Causes of MS Answer: -Viral infection
-Immunologic
-Genetic factors
-Temperate climates
-Multiple genes confer susceptibility
⫸ precipitating factors for MS Answer: infection, smoking, physical
injury, emotional stress, excessive fatigue, pregnancy, poor health
⫸ Diagnostic Studies for MS Answer: *No definitive test*
MRI (Characteristic white-mater lesions scattered through the brain or
spinal cord)
⫸ Characteristics of MS Answer: · Genetic
· Females more than men
· Tinnitus (ringing in ears)
· ↓ Hearing
· Nystagmus (involuntary eye movement)
,· Diplopia (double vision)
· Dysarthria
· Dysphagia
· Onset 20-40
· Urinary retention
· Spastic bladder
· Constipation
· Weakness may progress to paralysis
· Muscle spasticity
· Ataxia
· Vertigo
⫸ Drug therapy for MS Answer: *a. Immunomodulator drugs are used
initially to modify the disease progression and prevent relapse*
i. Interferon β-1b (betaseron, extavia) & Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone)
are given subcutaneously every other day
ii. Interferon β-1a (avonex (IM), rebif (subq 3x weekly))
iii. Teriflunomide (Aubagio): an immunomodulatory agent with anti-
inflammatory properties.
*b. Corticosteroids (methylprednisolone, prednisone, ACTH)+
i. Helpful in treating acute exacerbations by reducing edema and acute
inflammation at the site of demyelination
ii. If ineffective: Plasmapheresis and IVIg G
c. Other drug therapy
,i. Tricyclic antidepressants & Antiseizure used to treat chronic pain s/s
ii. Dalfampridine (Ampyra) nerve conductor enhancer: used to improve
walking speed (NOT for patients with history of seizure or kidney
disease
⫸ Drug therapy for symptoms of MS Answer: i. Cholinergic
1. Urecholine
2. Neostigmine
ii. Anticholinergics Used to treat bladder symptoms
1. Propantheline
2. Oxybutynin
iii. CNS stimulants Used to treat fatigue
1. Ritalin
2. Provigil
iv. Muscle relaxants Used to reduce spasticity
1. Valium
2. Lioresal
3. Dentrium
4. Zanaflex
5. Nerve conduction enhancer
a. Selective Potassium Channel Blocker
i. Ampyra
, ⫸ Drug therapy for aggressive MS Answer: i. IV natalizumab (Tysabri):
a monoclonal antibody and is given monthly when patients have had an
inadequate response to other drugs.
ii. IV mitoxantrone (Novantrone): an antineoplastic medication, has
serious effects, including cardiotoxicity, leukemia, and infertility.
iii. Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera): provides a new approach to treating
MS by activating the Nrf2 pathway. This pathway provides a way for
cells in the body to defend themselves against the inflammation and
oxidative stress caused by MS. Dimethyl fumarate is used to treat
relapsing-remitting MS.
⫸ important neurotransmitters for MS Answer: glutamate and aspartate
⫸ Definition of Parkinson's disease Answer: *A chronic, progressive
neurodegenerative disorder characterized by slowness in the initiation &
execution of movement (Bradykinesia)*
-Increased muscle tone (rigidity)
-Tremor at rest and impaired postural reflexes and gait disturbance
-Is a disease of the basal ganglia characterized by slowness in the
initiation & execution of movement (bradykinesia), increased muscle
tone (rigidity), tumor at rest, and impaired postural reflexes.
⫸ Drug therapy for PD Answer: a. Dopaminergic
b. Dopamine receptor agonist
c. Anticholinergic
d. Antihistamine
