NUR2488 MENTAL HEALTH NURSING EXAM 4
2026 FINAL PAPER SOLVED QUESTIONS FULL
SOLUTION
◉ Major depressive disorders 4 outcome.s Answer: 1. Free from self-
injury
2. Improved mood and energy
3. Return to previous functional level
4. Medication compliance
◉ 9 Nursing interventions for depression. Answer: 1. *provide for
the safety* of the client & others
2. institute *suicide precautions* if indicated
3. begin a therapeutic relationship by *spending nondemanding time
with the client*
-nurse can *sit with client for a few min. at intervals throughout the
day*; presence conveys interest
-important that the nurse *avoids being overly cheerful*
4. promote completion of ADLs by assisting client only if necessary
-if a client can't respond to a request, the *nurse breaks the task into
small segments*
5. establish adequate nutrition & hydration
,6. promote sleep & rest
7. engage the client in activities
8. encourage the client to verbalize & describe emotions
9. work with the client to manage meds & side effects
◉ Bipolar disorder is diagnosed when: Answer: a person's mood
fluctuates to extremes of mania and/or depression
◉ Mania is a distinct period during which Answer: mood is
abnormally & persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable
-*typically lasts about 1 week*
manic episodes include:
1. inflated self-esteem
2. grandiosity
3. decreased sleep
4. excessive & pressured speech (rapid)
5. flight of ideas
6. distractibility
7. increased activity or psychomotor agitation
8. excessive involvement in risk taking activities
,9. mood may be excessively cheerful, enthusiastic, & expansive or
irritable
10. deny problems & blame others
◉ Hypomania is a period of abnormally & persistently: Answer:
elevated, expansive, or irritable mood
-doesn't impair ability to function
-*no psychotic features*
◉ Bipolar I vs. Bipolar II Answer: Bipolar I: *one or more manic or
mixed episodes* usually accompanied by major depressive episodes
Bipolar II: *one or more major depressive episodes* accompanied by
at least one hypomanic episode
◉ Bipolar assessment Answer: 1. jumps from subject to subject;
*obtain more info by watching & listening*
2. with mania, experience *psychomotor agitation*
-wear clothes that reflect elevated mood
-think, move, & talk fast
-*pressured speech: hallmark symptom; interrupt & can't listen to
others*
, 3. labile mood
-*alternate between periods of laughter & tears*
4. flight of ideas
-don't consider risks
-grandiose delusions
5. rarely oriented to time
-ability to concentrate is impaired
6. impulsive which makes judgement poor
-insight is limited bc they believe they are fine & have no problems
-blame difficulties on others
7. false sense of well being
8. too distracted & hyperactive to pay attention to children or ADLs
-great need to socialize but little understanding of their
overpowering interactions
-need for socialization *often leads to promiscuity*
-cannot postpone or delay gratification
2026 FINAL PAPER SOLVED QUESTIONS FULL
SOLUTION
◉ Major depressive disorders 4 outcome.s Answer: 1. Free from self-
injury
2. Improved mood and energy
3. Return to previous functional level
4. Medication compliance
◉ 9 Nursing interventions for depression. Answer: 1. *provide for
the safety* of the client & others
2. institute *suicide precautions* if indicated
3. begin a therapeutic relationship by *spending nondemanding time
with the client*
-nurse can *sit with client for a few min. at intervals throughout the
day*; presence conveys interest
-important that the nurse *avoids being overly cheerful*
4. promote completion of ADLs by assisting client only if necessary
-if a client can't respond to a request, the *nurse breaks the task into
small segments*
5. establish adequate nutrition & hydration
,6. promote sleep & rest
7. engage the client in activities
8. encourage the client to verbalize & describe emotions
9. work with the client to manage meds & side effects
◉ Bipolar disorder is diagnosed when: Answer: a person's mood
fluctuates to extremes of mania and/or depression
◉ Mania is a distinct period during which Answer: mood is
abnormally & persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable
-*typically lasts about 1 week*
manic episodes include:
1. inflated self-esteem
2. grandiosity
3. decreased sleep
4. excessive & pressured speech (rapid)
5. flight of ideas
6. distractibility
7. increased activity or psychomotor agitation
8. excessive involvement in risk taking activities
,9. mood may be excessively cheerful, enthusiastic, & expansive or
irritable
10. deny problems & blame others
◉ Hypomania is a period of abnormally & persistently: Answer:
elevated, expansive, or irritable mood
-doesn't impair ability to function
-*no psychotic features*
◉ Bipolar I vs. Bipolar II Answer: Bipolar I: *one or more manic or
mixed episodes* usually accompanied by major depressive episodes
Bipolar II: *one or more major depressive episodes* accompanied by
at least one hypomanic episode
◉ Bipolar assessment Answer: 1. jumps from subject to subject;
*obtain more info by watching & listening*
2. with mania, experience *psychomotor agitation*
-wear clothes that reflect elevated mood
-think, move, & talk fast
-*pressured speech: hallmark symptom; interrupt & can't listen to
others*
, 3. labile mood
-*alternate between periods of laughter & tears*
4. flight of ideas
-don't consider risks
-grandiose delusions
5. rarely oriented to time
-ability to concentrate is impaired
6. impulsive which makes judgement poor
-insight is limited bc they believe they are fine & have no problems
-blame difficulties on others
7. false sense of well being
8. too distracted & hyperactive to pay attention to children or ADLs
-great need to socialize but little understanding of their
overpowering interactions
-need for socialization *often leads to promiscuity*
-cannot postpone or delay gratification
