PRIMARY CARE ART AND SCIENCE OF
ADVANCED FINAL PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Zena just had a hemorrhoidectomy. You know she has not
understood your teaching when she tells you she will:
1. Take a sitz bath after each bowel movement for 1 to 2 weeks after
surgery.
2. Drink at least 2000 mL of fluids per day.
3. Decrease her dietary fiber for 1 month.
4. Take stool softeners as prescribed. Answer: Decrease her dietary
fiber for 1 month.
◉ Susan, age 59, has no specific complaints when she comes in for
her annual examination. She does, however, have type 2 diabetes
mellitus (DM), slight hypertension, dyslipidemia, and central obesity.
How would you diagnose her?
1. As a healthy adult with several problems.
2. As having a glycemic event.
3. As having metabolic syndrome.
4. As having multiple organ dysfunction. Answer: As having
metabolic syndrome.
,◉ Simon, age 72, states that he is worried because he has a bowel
movement only every third day. You respond:
1. "You should have two to three stools per day."
2. "You should defecate once a day."
3. "You should have at least three stools per week."
4. "There is no such thing as a 'normal' pattern of defecation."
Answer: "There is no such thing as a 'normal' pattern of defecation."
◉ Matt, age 26, recently returned from a camping trip and has
gastroenteritis. He says that he has been eating only canned food.
Which of the following pathogens do you suspect?
1.
Campylobacter jejuni.
2.
Clostridium botulinum.
3.
Clostridium perfringens.
4.
Staphylococcus. Answer: Clostridium botulinum.
◉ Timothy, age 68, complains of an abrupt change in his defecation
pattern. You evaluate him for:
1.
,Constipation.
2.
Colorectal cancer.
3.
Irritable bowel syndrome.
4.
Acute appendicitis. Answer: Colorectal cancer.
◉ Martina, age 34, has AIDS and currently suffers from diarrhea. You
suspect she has which protozoal infection of the bowel?
1.
Giardiasis.
2.
Amebiasis.
3.
Cryptosporidiosis.
4.
Escherichia coli. Answer: Cryptosporidiosis
◉ Anson tells you he thinks his antacids are causing his diarrhea.
You respond:
1.
, "Antacids contain fructose, which may not be totally absorbed,
resulting in fluid being drawn into the bowel."
2.
"Antacids contain sorbitol or mannitol, which are sugars that aren't
absorbed and can cause fluid to be drawn into the bowel."
3.
"Antacids contain caffeine, which decreases bowel transit time."
4.
"Antacids may contain magnesium, which decreases bowel transit
time and may contain poorly absorbed salts that draw fluid into the
bowel." Answer: "Antacids may contain magnesium, which decreases
bowel transit time and may contain poorly absorbed salts that draw
fluid into the bowel."
◉ Tina has a chronic hepatitis C infection. She asks you how to
prevent its transmission. You respond:
1.
"Do not donate blood until one year after diagnosis."
2.
"Abstain from sex altogether."
3.
"There is no possibility of transmission through razors or
toothbrushes."
4.
ADVANCED FINAL PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Zena just had a hemorrhoidectomy. You know she has not
understood your teaching when she tells you she will:
1. Take a sitz bath after each bowel movement for 1 to 2 weeks after
surgery.
2. Drink at least 2000 mL of fluids per day.
3. Decrease her dietary fiber for 1 month.
4. Take stool softeners as prescribed. Answer: Decrease her dietary
fiber for 1 month.
◉ Susan, age 59, has no specific complaints when she comes in for
her annual examination. She does, however, have type 2 diabetes
mellitus (DM), slight hypertension, dyslipidemia, and central obesity.
How would you diagnose her?
1. As a healthy adult with several problems.
2. As having a glycemic event.
3. As having metabolic syndrome.
4. As having multiple organ dysfunction. Answer: As having
metabolic syndrome.
,◉ Simon, age 72, states that he is worried because he has a bowel
movement only every third day. You respond:
1. "You should have two to three stools per day."
2. "You should defecate once a day."
3. "You should have at least three stools per week."
4. "There is no such thing as a 'normal' pattern of defecation."
Answer: "There is no such thing as a 'normal' pattern of defecation."
◉ Matt, age 26, recently returned from a camping trip and has
gastroenteritis. He says that he has been eating only canned food.
Which of the following pathogens do you suspect?
1.
Campylobacter jejuni.
2.
Clostridium botulinum.
3.
Clostridium perfringens.
4.
Staphylococcus. Answer: Clostridium botulinum.
◉ Timothy, age 68, complains of an abrupt change in his defecation
pattern. You evaluate him for:
1.
,Constipation.
2.
Colorectal cancer.
3.
Irritable bowel syndrome.
4.
Acute appendicitis. Answer: Colorectal cancer.
◉ Martina, age 34, has AIDS and currently suffers from diarrhea. You
suspect she has which protozoal infection of the bowel?
1.
Giardiasis.
2.
Amebiasis.
3.
Cryptosporidiosis.
4.
Escherichia coli. Answer: Cryptosporidiosis
◉ Anson tells you he thinks his antacids are causing his diarrhea.
You respond:
1.
, "Antacids contain fructose, which may not be totally absorbed,
resulting in fluid being drawn into the bowel."
2.
"Antacids contain sorbitol or mannitol, which are sugars that aren't
absorbed and can cause fluid to be drawn into the bowel."
3.
"Antacids contain caffeine, which decreases bowel transit time."
4.
"Antacids may contain magnesium, which decreases bowel transit
time and may contain poorly absorbed salts that draw fluid into the
bowel." Answer: "Antacids may contain magnesium, which decreases
bowel transit time and may contain poorly absorbed salts that draw
fluid into the bowel."
◉ Tina has a chronic hepatitis C infection. She asks you how to
prevent its transmission. You respond:
1.
"Do not donate blood until one year after diagnosis."
2.
"Abstain from sex altogether."
3.
"There is no possibility of transmission through razors or
toothbrushes."
4.
