Maternity Exam 3|Prenatal Assessment and Management: First and
Second Trimester Screening, Cell-Free DNA, hCG, Nuchal Translucency,
Ultrasound (2D, 3D, 4D, Transvaginal and Transabdominal), Preimplantation
Genetic Testing, Chorionic Villus Sampling, Amniocentesis, Percutaneous
Umbilical Blood Sampling, Fetal Lung Maturity, Antepartum Fetal
Surveillance, Fetal Movement Counting, Nonstress and Contraction Stress
Tests, Biophysical Profile, Doppler Flow Studies, Risk Identification, and
Management of Spontaneous Abortion, Ectopic Pregnancy, Gestational
Trophoblastic Disease, Placenta Previa, and Placental Abruption Exam
Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales
Latest Updated 2026
Screening
Identifies risks.
What are some ways to identify risks in the first trimester?
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD); first trimester screening (FTS); second trimester triple, quad,
and penta screens; cell-free DNA (cfDNA).
To detect congenital anomalies (structural or functional).
Diagnostic Testing
Confirms disease or condition.
Most precise test for a given condition.
What are some diagnostic testing options prenatally?
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD).
,Who should be offered prenatal screening and diagnosis?
All women who desire to be tested regardless of maternal age, family hx, or genetic hx.
All prenatal tests are voluntary; each woman has a choice.
Women should be counseled about benefits to make informed decisions.
Ultrasound
High-frequency sound waves obtain real-time images of maternal structures, placenta, amniotic fluid,
and fetus.
Sound waves penetrate to the level of the structure being evaluated.
Can take fetal measurements or obtain closer images of specific structures.
What are the 3 different types of ultrasound images?
Two-dimensional (2D)
Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound images have greater detail. Provides more accurate identification of
the extent and size of abnormalities.
Four-dimensional (4D) Capable of streaming live streaming video images.
Which ultrasound image is commonly used in the first trimester, and can be used later for cervical
length measurements and images of placenta location?
Transvaginal.
What type of ultrasound image allows the visualization of multiple structures by scanning the maternal
abdomen using an ultrasound transducer?
, Transabdominal.
What are the three ultrasound categories?
Standard (Basic): General survey.
Limited: Addresses a certain problem or concern.
Specialized (detailed or targeted): Specific; Looking for structural anomalies.
What is an example of a limited ultrasound?
Confirming presence of fetal four chamber heart.
What is the purpose of a first trimester ultrasound?
Confirm pregnancy.
Verify the location of the pregnancy.
Identify multifetal gestations.
Determine gestational age.
Identify markers.
Determine locations of the uterus, cervix, and placenta.
What is the purpose of an ultrasound in the second and third trimester?
Second Trimester Screening, Cell-Free DNA, hCG, Nuchal Translucency,
Ultrasound (2D, 3D, 4D, Transvaginal and Transabdominal), Preimplantation
Genetic Testing, Chorionic Villus Sampling, Amniocentesis, Percutaneous
Umbilical Blood Sampling, Fetal Lung Maturity, Antepartum Fetal
Surveillance, Fetal Movement Counting, Nonstress and Contraction Stress
Tests, Biophysical Profile, Doppler Flow Studies, Risk Identification, and
Management of Spontaneous Abortion, Ectopic Pregnancy, Gestational
Trophoblastic Disease, Placenta Previa, and Placental Abruption Exam
Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales
Latest Updated 2026
Screening
Identifies risks.
What are some ways to identify risks in the first trimester?
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD); first trimester screening (FTS); second trimester triple, quad,
and penta screens; cell-free DNA (cfDNA).
To detect congenital anomalies (structural or functional).
Diagnostic Testing
Confirms disease or condition.
Most precise test for a given condition.
What are some diagnostic testing options prenatally?
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD).
,Who should be offered prenatal screening and diagnosis?
All women who desire to be tested regardless of maternal age, family hx, or genetic hx.
All prenatal tests are voluntary; each woman has a choice.
Women should be counseled about benefits to make informed decisions.
Ultrasound
High-frequency sound waves obtain real-time images of maternal structures, placenta, amniotic fluid,
and fetus.
Sound waves penetrate to the level of the structure being evaluated.
Can take fetal measurements or obtain closer images of specific structures.
What are the 3 different types of ultrasound images?
Two-dimensional (2D)
Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound images have greater detail. Provides more accurate identification of
the extent and size of abnormalities.
Four-dimensional (4D) Capable of streaming live streaming video images.
Which ultrasound image is commonly used in the first trimester, and can be used later for cervical
length measurements and images of placenta location?
Transvaginal.
What type of ultrasound image allows the visualization of multiple structures by scanning the maternal
abdomen using an ultrasound transducer?
, Transabdominal.
What are the three ultrasound categories?
Standard (Basic): General survey.
Limited: Addresses a certain problem or concern.
Specialized (detailed or targeted): Specific; Looking for structural anomalies.
What is an example of a limited ultrasound?
Confirming presence of fetal four chamber heart.
What is the purpose of a first trimester ultrasound?
Confirm pregnancy.
Verify the location of the pregnancy.
Identify multifetal gestations.
Determine gestational age.
Identify markers.
Determine locations of the uterus, cervix, and placenta.
What is the purpose of an ultrasound in the second and third trimester?
