RNSG 1341 Exam 3 -Nursing Assessment and Management of
Integumentary, Endocrine, and Urinary Systems: Skin Lesions, Infection,
Pruritus, ABCDE Melanoma, Primary & Secondary Lesions, Bacterial & Viral
Dermatoses, Skin Biopsy, Precancerous Conditions, Type 1 & Type 2 Diabetes
Pathophysiology, Insulin Therapy, Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemia, DKA, Somogyi
Effect, Lipodystrophy, HLA-DR3/DR4, Prediabetes, Glycosylated Hemoglobin
(HbA1C), Fasting Plasma Glucose, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, Renal Function
Assessment, Creatinine Clearance, 24-Hour Urine Collection, IVP, KUB,
Cystoscopy, Renal Ultrasound, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia, Vaginitis, ADH,
Aldosterone, Erythropoietin, Renin, Detrusor Muscle, Urinary Output, and
Urinary Tract Infection Prevention Exam Questions Verified and Provided with
Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
When obtaining important health information from a patient during assessment of the skin, what is
most important for the nurse to ask about?
answer = Have you had any changes in skin? (dryness, scaliness, pruritus, sores, rashes, lumps, color,
texture, odor, and lesion that does not heal)
Rationale = pt are the most reliable source for what is new or not their normal.
When performing a physical assessment of the skin, what would the nurse do first?
a. Palpate the temperature of the skin with the fingertips.
b. Assess the degree of turgor by pinching the skin on the forearm.
c. Inspect specific lesions before performing a general examination of the skin.
d. Let the patient know that all areas of the skin would be inspected.
answer = d. Let the patient know that all areas of the skin would be inspected.
rationale = It's necessary for the pt to be completely undressed for a skin exam. Gowns should be
provided, & exposure minimized as the skin is inspected generally 1st, followed by a lesio-specific exam.
Skin temp is best assessed with the back of the hand, & turgor is assessed by pinching the skin on the
back of the hand.
,Which statements are true about skin and skin care? Select all that apply.
a. Ultraviolet (UV) exposure from tanning beds is not safe.
b. Ultraviolet (UV) exposure from tanning beds is safer and causes less damage than UV from the sun.
c. The nutrient that is critical in maintaining and repairing the structure of epithelial cells is vitamin B.
d. Exposure to UV rays is believed to be the most important factor in the development of skin cancer.
e. The photosensitivity caused by various drugs can be blocked using topical hydrocortisone.
f. Photosensitivity results when certain chemicals in body cells and tissues absorb light from the sun and
release energy that harms the tissues and cells.
answer = a,d,f
rationale = Obesity affects skin with increased sweating that causes inflammation & dry skin, poor
wound healing, & problems in skin folds. Photosensitivity occurs when certain chemicals absorb light
from the sun & harm the skin. Benzophenones block both UVA & UVB rays. Vitamin A, not C, is critical in
maintaining & repairing the structure of epithelial cells. Exposure to UV is important in the development
of skin cancer. Chronic UV exposure from tanning beds causes the same damage as UV from the sun.
A woman calls the health clinic and describes a rash that she has over the abdomen and chest. She tells
the nurse that the rashes are raised, fluid-filled, like small blisters that are distinct.
Identify the type of primary skin lesion described by this patient.
What other information does the nurse have to document the critical components of these lesions?
= vesicles
discrete, localized to the chest & abdomen. color, size, height, shape, configuration, & odor of lesions.
What is the main difference between an excoriation and an ulcer?
,a. ulcers do not penetrate below the epidermal junction.
b. excoriations involve only thinning of the epidermis & dermis.
c. excoriations will form crusts or scabs, while ulcers remain open.
d. an excoriation heals without scarring because the dermis is not involved.
answer = d.
rationale = an excoriation is a focal loss of epidermis, it does not involve the dermis &, as such, does not
scar with healing.
ulcers do penetrate into & through the dermis, & scarring does occur. Epidermal & dermal thinning is
atrophy of the skin but does not involove a break in skin integrity
Describe each diagnosis tool and when they are used on a lesion?
a. Punch biopsy
b. Shave biopsy
c. Excisional biopsy
punch biopsy = done with larger nodules to examine for pathology (as are incisional biopsies).
shave biopsy = done for superficial lesions that can be scraped with a razor blade, removing the full
thickness of the stratum corneum. (like a plaque lesion)
excisional biopsy = done when the entire removal of a lesion is desired. (tumor)
An active athletic person calls the clinic and describes her feet as having a linear break-throughs in the
skin. What is the best documentation of this problem?
a. Scales
b. Fissure
c. Pustule
answer = b. Fissure
, rationale = fissures are linear cracks, such as athlete's foot.
scales are excess dead epidermal cells.
a pustule is a circumscribed collection of leukocytes & free fluid.
When assessing dark-skinned patient, the nurse notes ashen color of the nail beds. What would the
nurse do next?
a. Palpate for rashes on the legs.
b. Assess for jaundice in the sclera of the eye.
c. Assess the mucous membranes for cyanosis.
d. Assess for pallor of the skin on the buttocks.
answer = c. Assess the mucous membranes for cyanosis.
rationale = in dark skinned persons, cyanosis is seen as ashen nail beds, conjunctiva, or mucous
membranes. V/S, lung sounds, & cardiorespiratory hx would be assessed after verifying cyanosis of
mucous membranes. Palpating for rashes & assessing for jaundice & pallor would not be related to this
pt.'s potential cyanosis.
Which statements describe malignant melanoma? Select all that apply.
a. Related to chemical exposure
b. Neoplastic growth of melanocytes
c. Skin cancer with highest mortality rate
d. Irregular color and asymmetric shape
e. Frequently occurs on previously damaged skin
answer = b,c,d.
rationale = malignant melanomas are neoplastic growths of melanocytes, have the highest mortality
rate of skin cancers, & are irregular color & asymmetric shape.
Integumentary, Endocrine, and Urinary Systems: Skin Lesions, Infection,
Pruritus, ABCDE Melanoma, Primary & Secondary Lesions, Bacterial & Viral
Dermatoses, Skin Biopsy, Precancerous Conditions, Type 1 & Type 2 Diabetes
Pathophysiology, Insulin Therapy, Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemia, DKA, Somogyi
Effect, Lipodystrophy, HLA-DR3/DR4, Prediabetes, Glycosylated Hemoglobin
(HbA1C), Fasting Plasma Glucose, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, Renal Function
Assessment, Creatinine Clearance, 24-Hour Urine Collection, IVP, KUB,
Cystoscopy, Renal Ultrasound, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia, Vaginitis, ADH,
Aldosterone, Erythropoietin, Renin, Detrusor Muscle, Urinary Output, and
Urinary Tract Infection Prevention Exam Questions Verified and Provided with
Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
When obtaining important health information from a patient during assessment of the skin, what is
most important for the nurse to ask about?
answer = Have you had any changes in skin? (dryness, scaliness, pruritus, sores, rashes, lumps, color,
texture, odor, and lesion that does not heal)
Rationale = pt are the most reliable source for what is new or not their normal.
When performing a physical assessment of the skin, what would the nurse do first?
a. Palpate the temperature of the skin with the fingertips.
b. Assess the degree of turgor by pinching the skin on the forearm.
c. Inspect specific lesions before performing a general examination of the skin.
d. Let the patient know that all areas of the skin would be inspected.
answer = d. Let the patient know that all areas of the skin would be inspected.
rationale = It's necessary for the pt to be completely undressed for a skin exam. Gowns should be
provided, & exposure minimized as the skin is inspected generally 1st, followed by a lesio-specific exam.
Skin temp is best assessed with the back of the hand, & turgor is assessed by pinching the skin on the
back of the hand.
,Which statements are true about skin and skin care? Select all that apply.
a. Ultraviolet (UV) exposure from tanning beds is not safe.
b. Ultraviolet (UV) exposure from tanning beds is safer and causes less damage than UV from the sun.
c. The nutrient that is critical in maintaining and repairing the structure of epithelial cells is vitamin B.
d. Exposure to UV rays is believed to be the most important factor in the development of skin cancer.
e. The photosensitivity caused by various drugs can be blocked using topical hydrocortisone.
f. Photosensitivity results when certain chemicals in body cells and tissues absorb light from the sun and
release energy that harms the tissues and cells.
answer = a,d,f
rationale = Obesity affects skin with increased sweating that causes inflammation & dry skin, poor
wound healing, & problems in skin folds. Photosensitivity occurs when certain chemicals absorb light
from the sun & harm the skin. Benzophenones block both UVA & UVB rays. Vitamin A, not C, is critical in
maintaining & repairing the structure of epithelial cells. Exposure to UV is important in the development
of skin cancer. Chronic UV exposure from tanning beds causes the same damage as UV from the sun.
A woman calls the health clinic and describes a rash that she has over the abdomen and chest. She tells
the nurse that the rashes are raised, fluid-filled, like small blisters that are distinct.
Identify the type of primary skin lesion described by this patient.
What other information does the nurse have to document the critical components of these lesions?
= vesicles
discrete, localized to the chest & abdomen. color, size, height, shape, configuration, & odor of lesions.
What is the main difference between an excoriation and an ulcer?
,a. ulcers do not penetrate below the epidermal junction.
b. excoriations involve only thinning of the epidermis & dermis.
c. excoriations will form crusts or scabs, while ulcers remain open.
d. an excoriation heals without scarring because the dermis is not involved.
answer = d.
rationale = an excoriation is a focal loss of epidermis, it does not involve the dermis &, as such, does not
scar with healing.
ulcers do penetrate into & through the dermis, & scarring does occur. Epidermal & dermal thinning is
atrophy of the skin but does not involove a break in skin integrity
Describe each diagnosis tool and when they are used on a lesion?
a. Punch biopsy
b. Shave biopsy
c. Excisional biopsy
punch biopsy = done with larger nodules to examine for pathology (as are incisional biopsies).
shave biopsy = done for superficial lesions that can be scraped with a razor blade, removing the full
thickness of the stratum corneum. (like a plaque lesion)
excisional biopsy = done when the entire removal of a lesion is desired. (tumor)
An active athletic person calls the clinic and describes her feet as having a linear break-throughs in the
skin. What is the best documentation of this problem?
a. Scales
b. Fissure
c. Pustule
answer = b. Fissure
, rationale = fissures are linear cracks, such as athlete's foot.
scales are excess dead epidermal cells.
a pustule is a circumscribed collection of leukocytes & free fluid.
When assessing dark-skinned patient, the nurse notes ashen color of the nail beds. What would the
nurse do next?
a. Palpate for rashes on the legs.
b. Assess for jaundice in the sclera of the eye.
c. Assess the mucous membranes for cyanosis.
d. Assess for pallor of the skin on the buttocks.
answer = c. Assess the mucous membranes for cyanosis.
rationale = in dark skinned persons, cyanosis is seen as ashen nail beds, conjunctiva, or mucous
membranes. V/S, lung sounds, & cardiorespiratory hx would be assessed after verifying cyanosis of
mucous membranes. Palpating for rashes & assessing for jaundice & pallor would not be related to this
pt.'s potential cyanosis.
Which statements describe malignant melanoma? Select all that apply.
a. Related to chemical exposure
b. Neoplastic growth of melanocytes
c. Skin cancer with highest mortality rate
d. Irregular color and asymmetric shape
e. Frequently occurs on previously damaged skin
answer = b,c,d.
rationale = malignant melanomas are neoplastic growths of melanocytes, have the highest mortality
rate of skin cancers, & are irregular color & asymmetric shape.
