MS3 Hematology and Blood Disorders Examination: Erythropoiesis,
Erythropoietin, Hypoxemia, Red Blood Cell Morphology, Hemoglobin,
Hematocrit, Anemia, Iron Deficiency, Folic Acid Deficiency, Pernicious Anemia,
Vitamin B12, Megaloblastic Anemia, Thalassemia, Aplastic Anemia, Sickle Cell
Anemia, Polycythemia, Leukocytosis, Neutropenia, Thrombocytopenia, Immune
Thrombocytopenic Purpura, Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia, Hemophilia A,
Hemophilia B, von Willebrand Disease, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation,
Bleeding Precautions, Coagulation Cascade, Platelet Function, Blood
Transfusion, Leukemia, Lymphoma, Hodgkin Disease, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales
Latest Updated 2026
When reviewing laboratory results of an older patient with an infection, the nurse would expect to find:
A. Mild leukocytosis
B. Decreased platelet count
C. Increased H&H levels
D. Decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
A. Mild leukocytosis
Erythropoiesis
Production of red blood cells.
In order for this to occur, we need erythropoietin. This is activated by the kidneys.
,How does our body know when to produce more RBCs?
Hypoxemia.
The liver and the kidneys recognize when we are low on oxygen, and stimulates the release of
erythropoietin. Erythropoietin stimulates red bone marrow, which accelerates erythropoiesis to increase
RBC count, resulting in increased O2 transport.
A person who lives at a high altitude may normally have an increased hemoglobin and RBC count
because:
A. High altitudes cause vascular fluid loss, leading to hemoconcentration
B. Hypoxia caused by decreased atmospheric O2 stimulates erythropoiesis.
C. The function of the spleen in removing old RBCs is impaired at high altitudes.
D. Impaired production of platelets leads to proportionally higher red cell counts.
B. Hypoxia caused by decreased atmospheric O2 stimulates erythropoiesis.
Anemia
Hemoglobin content of the blood is insufficient to satisfy bodily demands.
Low RBC count and below normal quality/quantity of H&H levels.
What are 3 general causes of anemia?
Decreased RBC production (deficient nutrients, decreased erythropoietin, decreased iron).
, Blood loss (chronic or acute).
Increased RBC destruction (hemolysis, medications, incompatible blood, trauma).
Which of the following may be indicative of anemia? (SAP)
A. Pallor of the skin and nail beds
B. Fatigue
C. Constipation
D. Tachycardia
A. Pallor of the skin and nail beds
B. Fatigue
D. Tachycardia
What is anemia classified by?
Cause (etiology) or morphology.
Morphology of Anemia
Size, shape, color, hemoglobin content, reticulocyte count of blood.
Erythropoietin, Hypoxemia, Red Blood Cell Morphology, Hemoglobin,
Hematocrit, Anemia, Iron Deficiency, Folic Acid Deficiency, Pernicious Anemia,
Vitamin B12, Megaloblastic Anemia, Thalassemia, Aplastic Anemia, Sickle Cell
Anemia, Polycythemia, Leukocytosis, Neutropenia, Thrombocytopenia, Immune
Thrombocytopenic Purpura, Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia, Hemophilia A,
Hemophilia B, von Willebrand Disease, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation,
Bleeding Precautions, Coagulation Cascade, Platelet Function, Blood
Transfusion, Leukemia, Lymphoma, Hodgkin Disease, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales
Latest Updated 2026
When reviewing laboratory results of an older patient with an infection, the nurse would expect to find:
A. Mild leukocytosis
B. Decreased platelet count
C. Increased H&H levels
D. Decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
A. Mild leukocytosis
Erythropoiesis
Production of red blood cells.
In order for this to occur, we need erythropoietin. This is activated by the kidneys.
,How does our body know when to produce more RBCs?
Hypoxemia.
The liver and the kidneys recognize when we are low on oxygen, and stimulates the release of
erythropoietin. Erythropoietin stimulates red bone marrow, which accelerates erythropoiesis to increase
RBC count, resulting in increased O2 transport.
A person who lives at a high altitude may normally have an increased hemoglobin and RBC count
because:
A. High altitudes cause vascular fluid loss, leading to hemoconcentration
B. Hypoxia caused by decreased atmospheric O2 stimulates erythropoiesis.
C. The function of the spleen in removing old RBCs is impaired at high altitudes.
D. Impaired production of platelets leads to proportionally higher red cell counts.
B. Hypoxia caused by decreased atmospheric O2 stimulates erythropoiesis.
Anemia
Hemoglobin content of the blood is insufficient to satisfy bodily demands.
Low RBC count and below normal quality/quantity of H&H levels.
What are 3 general causes of anemia?
Decreased RBC production (deficient nutrients, decreased erythropoietin, decreased iron).
, Blood loss (chronic or acute).
Increased RBC destruction (hemolysis, medications, incompatible blood, trauma).
Which of the following may be indicative of anemia? (SAP)
A. Pallor of the skin and nail beds
B. Fatigue
C. Constipation
D. Tachycardia
A. Pallor of the skin and nail beds
B. Fatigue
D. Tachycardia
What is anemia classified by?
Cause (etiology) or morphology.
Morphology of Anemia
Size, shape, color, hemoglobin content, reticulocyte count of blood.
