GNRS 582 EXAM 3 Ques ons and answers | Updated
RATED A+ | New edi on | 2026
What is the hypothalamic-pituitary- axis?
It is the rela onship between the; 1. nervous system; 2. endocrine system; and
3. immune system
What systems does the HPA effect in the body?
1. nervous system: sympathe c branch of the ANS
2. endocrine system: pituitary and adrenal
3. immune system
What are Epinephrine and Norepinephrine?
Catecholamines
Epinephrine (EPI)
1. Increases myocardial contrac lity (+ inotropy)
2. Increases HR (+ chronotropy)
3. Increases venous return to heart
4. Increases CO
5. Increases BP
6. Increases transiently in BS
7. Causes bronchodila on
Norepinephrine (NEPI) (Catecholamines)
8. binds with alpha receptors only
9. increases BP by vasoconstric on
10. dilates pupils
11. IS A MORE POTENT VASOCONSTRICTOR THAN EPINEPHRINE
Why is Nepi is used to treat hypotension in shock?
Cor sol: (Glucocor coids)
12. Increases BP
13. Increases CO
14. Increases lipolysis
, 15. immunosuppression and enhanced immunity
16. an -inflammatory and pro-inflammatory
What causes fever?
1. Caused by exogenous and endogenous pyrogens
2. Infec on
3. mechanical damage
4. ischemia
5. nutrient depriva on
6. temperature extremes
7. radia on
What part of the brain is affected?
Act directly on the hypothalamus
What Is the purpose of fever?
1. Limit and control the inflammatory process
2. Prevent and limit infec on and further damage
3. Ini ates the development of the adap ve immune response
4. Ini ate healing
What is the purpose of Plasma Protein Systems?
Effec ve inflammatory response
Plasma Protein Systems
The key to an effec ve inflammatory response is the 3 plasma protein systems. Each system
consists of mul ple proteins in the blood.
The 3 plasma protein systems:
1. Complement system
2. Coagula on system
3. Kinin system
- All systems contain inac ve enzymes: proenzymes
- Sequen ally ac vated
What ini ates each of the 3 systems?
RATED A+ | New edi on | 2026
What is the hypothalamic-pituitary- axis?
It is the rela onship between the; 1. nervous system; 2. endocrine system; and
3. immune system
What systems does the HPA effect in the body?
1. nervous system: sympathe c branch of the ANS
2. endocrine system: pituitary and adrenal
3. immune system
What are Epinephrine and Norepinephrine?
Catecholamines
Epinephrine (EPI)
1. Increases myocardial contrac lity (+ inotropy)
2. Increases HR (+ chronotropy)
3. Increases venous return to heart
4. Increases CO
5. Increases BP
6. Increases transiently in BS
7. Causes bronchodila on
Norepinephrine (NEPI) (Catecholamines)
8. binds with alpha receptors only
9. increases BP by vasoconstric on
10. dilates pupils
11. IS A MORE POTENT VASOCONSTRICTOR THAN EPINEPHRINE
Why is Nepi is used to treat hypotension in shock?
Cor sol: (Glucocor coids)
12. Increases BP
13. Increases CO
14. Increases lipolysis
, 15. immunosuppression and enhanced immunity
16. an -inflammatory and pro-inflammatory
What causes fever?
1. Caused by exogenous and endogenous pyrogens
2. Infec on
3. mechanical damage
4. ischemia
5. nutrient depriva on
6. temperature extremes
7. radia on
What part of the brain is affected?
Act directly on the hypothalamus
What Is the purpose of fever?
1. Limit and control the inflammatory process
2. Prevent and limit infec on and further damage
3. Ini ates the development of the adap ve immune response
4. Ini ate healing
What is the purpose of Plasma Protein Systems?
Effec ve inflammatory response
Plasma Protein Systems
The key to an effec ve inflammatory response is the 3 plasma protein systems. Each system
consists of mul ple proteins in the blood.
The 3 plasma protein systems:
1. Complement system
2. Coagula on system
3. Kinin system
- All systems contain inac ve enzymes: proenzymes
- Sequen ally ac vated
What ini ates each of the 3 systems?
