NURS 8022 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
REVIEW SOLVED QUESTION SET
◉ Functions of blood. Answer: provide nutrients to cells, provide
oxygen for cellular metabolism, removes by-products, carries the cells
that protect the body against infection and invading organisms
◉ 3 groups of plasma proteins. Answer: albumin, clotting factors
(mostly fibrinogen), lipoproteins (triglycerides, cholesterol, fatty acids)
◉ Albumin. Answer: function as carrier and control plasma oncotic
pressure
◉ serum. Answer: plasma without clotting factors
◉ pluripotential cells. Answer: in the bone marrow and can differentiate
into major blood cells (red, white, platelets)
◉ Erythrocytes. Answer: red blood cells
◉ Leukocytes. Answer: white blood cells
◉ Thrombocytes. Answer: platelets
,◉ Most abundant cells of the body. Answer: erythrocytes
◉ Functions of Erythrocytes. Answer: responsible for tissue
oxygenation, contain hemoglobin and carry gases and electrolytes, have
biconcavity and reversible deformity
◉ Life cycle of erythrocytes. Answer: 120 days, spleen replaces
◉ Normal platelet count. Answer: 150,000-400,000
◉ Platelets are formed from. Answer: the fragmentation of
megakaryocytes
◉ Platelets are produced, stored, and removed by what. Answer:
produced by the bone marrow, stored and removed by the spleen
◉ life span of platelets. Answer: 5-9 days
◉ function of platelets. Answer: essential for blood coagulation and the
control of bleeding
, ◉ lymphoid organs. Answer: sites of residence, proliferation,
differentiation, and function of lymphocytes and mononuclear
phagocytes, link to the hematologic and immune system
◉ primary lymphoid organs. Answer: thymus and bone marrow
◉ secondary lymphoid organs. Answer: Spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils,
and Peyer Patches of the small intestine
◉ Hematopoiesis. Answer: process of blood cell production in adult
bone marrow or in the liver/spleen of fetus
◉ 2 stages of hematopoiesis. Answer: Mitosis (proliferation) cells divide
Maturation (differentiation) cells mature
◉ bone marrow. Answer: primary site of residence of hematopoietic
stem cells, also called myeloid tissue
◉ 2 types of bone marrow. Answer: red marrow (produce RBCs) and
yellow marrow (do not produce RBCs)
◉ Stem cell pool. Answer: The product of self-renewal that maintains
the number of pluripotent stem cells and partially committed progenitor
cells
EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
REVIEW SOLVED QUESTION SET
◉ Functions of blood. Answer: provide nutrients to cells, provide
oxygen for cellular metabolism, removes by-products, carries the cells
that protect the body against infection and invading organisms
◉ 3 groups of plasma proteins. Answer: albumin, clotting factors
(mostly fibrinogen), lipoproteins (triglycerides, cholesterol, fatty acids)
◉ Albumin. Answer: function as carrier and control plasma oncotic
pressure
◉ serum. Answer: plasma without clotting factors
◉ pluripotential cells. Answer: in the bone marrow and can differentiate
into major blood cells (red, white, platelets)
◉ Erythrocytes. Answer: red blood cells
◉ Leukocytes. Answer: white blood cells
◉ Thrombocytes. Answer: platelets
,◉ Most abundant cells of the body. Answer: erythrocytes
◉ Functions of Erythrocytes. Answer: responsible for tissue
oxygenation, contain hemoglobin and carry gases and electrolytes, have
biconcavity and reversible deformity
◉ Life cycle of erythrocytes. Answer: 120 days, spleen replaces
◉ Normal platelet count. Answer: 150,000-400,000
◉ Platelets are formed from. Answer: the fragmentation of
megakaryocytes
◉ Platelets are produced, stored, and removed by what. Answer:
produced by the bone marrow, stored and removed by the spleen
◉ life span of platelets. Answer: 5-9 days
◉ function of platelets. Answer: essential for blood coagulation and the
control of bleeding
, ◉ lymphoid organs. Answer: sites of residence, proliferation,
differentiation, and function of lymphocytes and mononuclear
phagocytes, link to the hematologic and immune system
◉ primary lymphoid organs. Answer: thymus and bone marrow
◉ secondary lymphoid organs. Answer: Spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils,
and Peyer Patches of the small intestine
◉ Hematopoiesis. Answer: process of blood cell production in adult
bone marrow or in the liver/spleen of fetus
◉ 2 stages of hematopoiesis. Answer: Mitosis (proliferation) cells divide
Maturation (differentiation) cells mature
◉ bone marrow. Answer: primary site of residence of hematopoietic
stem cells, also called myeloid tissue
◉ 2 types of bone marrow. Answer: red marrow (produce RBCs) and
yellow marrow (do not produce RBCs)
◉ Stem cell pool. Answer: The product of self-renewal that maintains
the number of pluripotent stem cells and partially committed progenitor
cells
