NURS 8022 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Primary lesions. Answer: lesions arising from previously normal skin
◉ Secondary lesions. Answer: lesions that result in changes in primary
lesions
◉ Pressure ulcer. Answer: any lesion caused by unrelieved pressure that
results in damage to underlying tissue
◉ decubitus ulcer. Answer: sore caused by lying down for long periods
of time
◉ Stages of pressure ulcers. Answer: Stage I: nonblanchable erythema
of intact skin
Stage II: partial-thickness skin loss
Stage III: full-thickness skin loss; not involving underlying fascia
Stage IV: full-thickness skin loss with extensive destruction
Unstageable: base of ulcer covered by slough and/or eschar in wound
bed
◉ Pruritus. Answer: itching; caused by unmyelinated C-nerve fibers
, ◉ Neuropathic itch. Answer: Related to any pathologic condition along
an afferent pathway
◉ Psychogenic itch. Answer: Psychologic disorders
◉ Allergic contact dermatitis. Answer: T-cell mediated or delayed
hypersensitivity; erythema, swelling, pruritus, and vesicular lesions
◉ Irritant contact dermatitis. Answer: occurs when irritating substances
temporarily damage the epidermis
◉ atopic dermatitis. Answer: an unusual inflammation of the skin;
associated with a family history of allergies, hay fever, elevated IgE
levels, and increased histamine sensitivity
◉ stasis dermatitis. Answer: occurs in the lower leg when varicose veins
slow the return of blood and the accumulation of fluid interferes with the
nourishment of the skin
◉ seborrheic dermatitis. Answer: an inflammation that causes scaling
and itching of the upper layers of the skin or scalp; greasy, scaly, white,
or yellowish plaques
EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Primary lesions. Answer: lesions arising from previously normal skin
◉ Secondary lesions. Answer: lesions that result in changes in primary
lesions
◉ Pressure ulcer. Answer: any lesion caused by unrelieved pressure that
results in damage to underlying tissue
◉ decubitus ulcer. Answer: sore caused by lying down for long periods
of time
◉ Stages of pressure ulcers. Answer: Stage I: nonblanchable erythema
of intact skin
Stage II: partial-thickness skin loss
Stage III: full-thickness skin loss; not involving underlying fascia
Stage IV: full-thickness skin loss with extensive destruction
Unstageable: base of ulcer covered by slough and/or eschar in wound
bed
◉ Pruritus. Answer: itching; caused by unmyelinated C-nerve fibers
, ◉ Neuropathic itch. Answer: Related to any pathologic condition along
an afferent pathway
◉ Psychogenic itch. Answer: Psychologic disorders
◉ Allergic contact dermatitis. Answer: T-cell mediated or delayed
hypersensitivity; erythema, swelling, pruritus, and vesicular lesions
◉ Irritant contact dermatitis. Answer: occurs when irritating substances
temporarily damage the epidermis
◉ atopic dermatitis. Answer: an unusual inflammation of the skin;
associated with a family history of allergies, hay fever, elevated IgE
levels, and increased histamine sensitivity
◉ stasis dermatitis. Answer: occurs in the lower leg when varicose veins
slow the return of blood and the accumulation of fluid interferes with the
nourishment of the skin
◉ seborrheic dermatitis. Answer: an inflammation that causes scaling
and itching of the upper layers of the skin or scalp; greasy, scaly, white,
or yellowish plaques
