Chem 210 Exam 2 Actual Study Questions with 100% Correct Answers

Chem 210 Exam 2 Actual Study Questions with 100% Correct Answers 1. Diamagnetic - ANSWER All electrons paired 2. Exothermic reaction - ANSWER a reaction that releases energy 3. Endothermic reaction - ANSWER a reaction that absorbs energy 4. band gap - ANSWER energy difference between filled "valence band" and the "conduction band" (metals and metalloids) 5. sp3 - ANSWER 4 hybrid charge clouds (tetrahedral) 6. sp2 - ANSWER 3 hybrid charge clouds (trigonal planar) 7. sp - ANSWER 2 hybrid charge clouds (linear) 8. bonding molecular orbital - ANSWER a molecular orbital that is lower in energy than the atomic orbitals it is derived from 9. antibonding molecular orbital - ANSWER a molecular orbital that is higher in energy than the atomic orbitals it is derived from 10.a hydrogen bond can form between a hydrogen atom bonded to nitrogen, NH, and ______. A. C B. O C. Cl D. P E. Br - ANSWER B. O 11.In a bond between P and Cl, there exists a difference in electronegativity resulting in partial positive and partial negative charges. If a dipole arrow were added to this structure, which way would the arrow point? A. the arrow points from P towards Cl B. the arrow points from Cl towards P C. two arrows, one pointed in each direction D. there would not be a dipole arrow in this care E. none of the above - ANSWER A. the arrow points from P towards Cl 12.Is a pH of 8.36 acidic, neutral, or basic? A. Acidic B. Neutral C. Basic D. Both Acidic and Basic E. Both Neutral and Basic - ANSWER C. basic 13.Elemental bromine (Br2) is a liquid at room temperature. what is the dominant attractive force that exists between Br2 molecules in the liquid? A. halogen forces B. dipole-dipole forces C. hydrogen bonds D. covalent bonds E. london forces - ANSWER E. london forces 14.a hydrogen bond can form between a hydrogen atom bonded to oxygen, OH, and_______ A. C B. B C. Cl D. P E. N - ANSWER E. N 15.In a bond between N and Br, there exists a difference in electronegativity resulting in partial positive and partial negative charges. If a dipole arrow were added to this structure, which way would the arrow point? A. the arrow points from Br towards N B. the arrow points from N towards Br C. two arrows, one pointed in each direction D. there would not be a dipole arrow in this care E. none of the above - ANSWER B. the arrow points from N towards Br 16.Lattice Energy - ANSWER Amount of energy that must be added to break up an ionic solid into individual gaseous ions (U) 17.Alkali Metals - ANSWER metallic, silvery, malleable, conductors of electricity, very reactive, occur only in salts 18.Alkaline Earth Metals - ANSWER metallic, silvery, occur only in salts, malleable, reactive 19.Halogens - ANSWER nonmetals, exist as diatomic, very reactive, only occur in salts and minerals 20.Noble Gases - ANSWER colorless and odorless, nonmetals, very nonreactive, occur naturally as atomic gases 21.Amphoteric - ANSWER A compound, usually a metal oxide or hydroxide, that is able to react as base and acid 22.Dipole moment - ANSWER lopsided charge 23.Polyatomic ions - ANSWER charged, covalently bonded groups of atoms 24.Ionic solid - ANSWER solid whos constituent particles are ions ordered into a regular 3D arrangement held together by ionic bonds 25.Chemical bond - ANSWER force that holds atoms together in chemical compounds 26.Ground state electron configuration - ANSWER a description of the atomic orbitals that are occupied in the lowest-energy state of an atom or ion 27.Aufbau principle - ANSWER lower-energy orbitals fill before higherenergy orbitals. Orbitals have two electrons, which have opposite spins 28.Effective nuclear charge - ANSWER due to electron shielding of outer electrons by inner electrons and may be substantially lower than the actual n charge (Z-eff) 29.Electronegativity - ANSWER ability of an atom in a chemical bond to attract shared electrons (an estimated number, cannot be measured) 30.Oxoanions - ANSWER binary polyatomic anions in which an atom of a given element is combined with different numbers of oxygen atoms