WGU CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
STUDY SET QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
Function of cell membrane - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- To regulate movement of
materials into and out of the cell by transport mechanisms. It synthesizes cell wall
components, assists with DNA replication, secretes proteins, carries on
respiration, and captures energy as ATP.
Function of the cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Helps maintain the
characteristic shape of the cell and prevents the cell from bursting when fluids
flow into the cell by osmosis. Lies outside the cell membrane.
Peptidoglycan - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Single most important component of the
bacterial cell wall.
Capsule - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Discrete layer of polysaccharides that protects
the cell. Promotes infection by protecting the bacterial cell from engulfment by
predatory protozoa or WBC (phagocytes). Also mediates adherence of cells to
surfaces.
Pili - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Tiny, hallow projections that are used to attach
bacteria to surfaces. Are NOT involved in movement. Promote infection by
transferring DNA amount bacteria- which in turn can transfer antibiotic
resistance. Can adhere to RBC and cause blood cells to clump.
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,Flagella - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Long, thin, helical appendages that allow
bacteria to move.
Endospore - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Helps the organism survive, and is not a
means of reproduction. They are formed within the cells, contain very little water
and are highly resistant to heat, drying, acids, bases, certain disinfectants, and
even radiation. They are capable of surviving adverse environmental conditions
for long periods of time.
Chemotaxis - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Process of bacteria moving toward or away
from substances in their environment. Towards- positive, Away- Negative.
Bacteria that produce spores - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Bacillus, Clostridium
Helminths - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Worm-like organisms living in and feeding on
live hosts, receiving nourishment and protection while disrupting their hosts'
nutrient absorption, causing weakness and disease. Example: Flukes, tapeworms,
adult round-worms of intestine, and roundworm larvae.
Zygomycota - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Bread molds
Ascomycota - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Sac fungi. Yeasts. Replication by sexual
reproduction.
Basidiomycota - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Club fungi. Amanita and other
mushrooms.
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, Deuteromycota - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Fungi imperfecti. Soil organisms.
Virus - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Tiny, non living particle that invades and then
reproduces inside a living cell. Contain only one kind of nucleic acid- either DNA or
RNA (never both).
Naked virus - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Virus with only a nucleocapsid and no
envelope.
Enveloped virus - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Have a bilayer membrane outside their
capsids.
Retrovirus: Single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔-
Viral group that produces reverse transcriptase.
Mutualism - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Both members of the association living
together benefit from the relationship.
Parasitism - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- One organism, the parasite, benefits from
the relationship, whereas the other organisms, the host, is harmed by it.
Commensalism - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Two species live together in a
relationship such that one benefits and the other one neither benefits nor is
harmed.
Antagonism - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- An interaction between organisms so that
one organism benefits at the expense of another.
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STUDY SET QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
Function of cell membrane - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- To regulate movement of
materials into and out of the cell by transport mechanisms. It synthesizes cell wall
components, assists with DNA replication, secretes proteins, carries on
respiration, and captures energy as ATP.
Function of the cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Helps maintain the
characteristic shape of the cell and prevents the cell from bursting when fluids
flow into the cell by osmosis. Lies outside the cell membrane.
Peptidoglycan - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Single most important component of the
bacterial cell wall.
Capsule - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Discrete layer of polysaccharides that protects
the cell. Promotes infection by protecting the bacterial cell from engulfment by
predatory protozoa or WBC (phagocytes). Also mediates adherence of cells to
surfaces.
Pili - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Tiny, hallow projections that are used to attach
bacteria to surfaces. Are NOT involved in movement. Promote infection by
transferring DNA amount bacteria- which in turn can transfer antibiotic
resistance. Can adhere to RBC and cause blood cells to clump.
1|Page
,Flagella - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Long, thin, helical appendages that allow
bacteria to move.
Endospore - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Helps the organism survive, and is not a
means of reproduction. They are formed within the cells, contain very little water
and are highly resistant to heat, drying, acids, bases, certain disinfectants, and
even radiation. They are capable of surviving adverse environmental conditions
for long periods of time.
Chemotaxis - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Process of bacteria moving toward or away
from substances in their environment. Towards- positive, Away- Negative.
Bacteria that produce spores - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Bacillus, Clostridium
Helminths - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Worm-like organisms living in and feeding on
live hosts, receiving nourishment and protection while disrupting their hosts'
nutrient absorption, causing weakness and disease. Example: Flukes, tapeworms,
adult round-worms of intestine, and roundworm larvae.
Zygomycota - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Bread molds
Ascomycota - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Sac fungi. Yeasts. Replication by sexual
reproduction.
Basidiomycota - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Club fungi. Amanita and other
mushrooms.
2|Page
, Deuteromycota - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Fungi imperfecti. Soil organisms.
Virus - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Tiny, non living particle that invades and then
reproduces inside a living cell. Contain only one kind of nucleic acid- either DNA or
RNA (never both).
Naked virus - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Virus with only a nucleocapsid and no
envelope.
Enveloped virus - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Have a bilayer membrane outside their
capsids.
Retrovirus: Single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔-
Viral group that produces reverse transcriptase.
Mutualism - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Both members of the association living
together benefit from the relationship.
Parasitism - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- One organism, the parasite, benefits from
the relationship, whereas the other organisms, the host, is harmed by it.
Commensalism - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Two species live together in a
relationship such that one benefits and the other one neither benefits nor is
harmed.
Antagonism - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- An interaction between organisms so that
one organism benefits at the expense of another.
3|Page
