2.2 the global energy budget
Temperature vary
- land sea distribution
- ocean currents
- Latitude
LATITUDE - locations closer to the equator receive more direct sunlight.
Leading to warmer average temperature. Therefore, locations further
from the equator receive less direct sunlight and have cooler average
temperatures.
LAND SEA DISTRIBUTON
OCEAN AS HEAT SINKS - large bodies of water act like giant head sinks.
They absorb a lot of solar radiation during summer and at winter they
release the heat
LAND HEATS UP AND COOLS DOWN FASTER – land heats up quickly in
the summer due to its lower heat capacity. so, it loses heat rapidly in
winter leading to cooler temperatures
OCEAN CURRENTS - warm ocean currents can moderate temperatures in
nearby regions, while cold current can create cooler climates
Warm air rises, creating a low-pressure zone; cool air sinks, creating a
high-pressure zone.
Air that moves horizontally between high- and low-pressure zones makes
wind. The greater the pressure difference between the pressure zones the
faster the wind moves
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 2.2 Activities
Describe the main global wind systems shown in Figure 2.14
Figure 2.14 shows three main global wind systems. Trade winds blow from
east to west between 0° and 30° in both hemispheres and meet at the
ITCZ, where air rises and causes rain. Westerlies blow from west to east
between 30° and 60°, bringing changing weather to places like Europe
,and North America. Polar easterlies blow from the east near the poles and
are cold and dry.
In January, the wind belts and ITCZ shift south. In July, they move north
following the Sun. High pressure areas are found over oceans, and special
zones like the ZAB and SPCZ bring heavy rainfall.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
Latitude - a geographic coordinate system that specifies the north- south
position of a point on the Earth’s surface or any other celestial body. It is
measured in degrees, ranging from -90 degrees south pole to +90
degrees at the north pole, with 0 degrees at the equator
Uneven solar radiation due to its spherical shape and axial tilt
- Equatorial regions (low latitudes) :warm temperatures
year- round due to high solar radiation
- Mid latitudes: experience seasonal variations with warm
summers and cool winters due to a mix od high and low
solar radiation throughout the year
- Polar regions (high latitude): cold temperatures year –
round due to low solar radiation.
IMPACT ON CLIMATE
TROPICAL CLIMATE:
- located around the equator, these areas receive
consistent, high amounts of solar radiation (excess).
This results in: little seasonal temperatures variations
warm temperatures year-round.
- High humidity
- Significant precipitation
Temperate climate
- found in mid latitude these regions experience a
significant change in the angle of sunlight throughout
the year. This leads to
- Distinct seasons: warm summers with solar radiation
and colder winters with lower solar radiation
polar climates:
, - characterised by a persistent lack of solar radiation
(deficit), these regions have: extremely cold
temperature year round
- very short or no warm seasons.
HOW HUMAN ACTIVITIES AFFFECR EARTH’S ENERGY BALANCE
- Burning fossil fuels and AC release green house gases
that trap heat
- Deforestation changes the albedo
ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION – the sun heats the equator most, making
warm air rise. This creates a low-pressure zone. Up high, the air cools,
gets denser, and sinks back g called a convection cell, and there’s one in
the north and south of the equator
Convection cell is made of, Polar cell Ferrel cell, Hadley cell
Describe the atmospheric process of convection- as the sun heats
the earths surface (1). The air above it heats up and rises (1). If
conditions allow, this air can continue to rise, cooling as it does so,
forming clouds(condensation)(1)
Features of atmospheric circulation
- Location of high and low pressures
- Air flow from high to low
- Surface winds
- Three key cells within which air broadly rotates
Why are there areas with little wind like the doldrums and the
horse latitudes?
In which hemisphere do the prevailing westerlies blow from west
to east and why?
Doldrums= itcz vertical
Horse – horizontal
Surface area itcz little wind but at atmosphere many because the
wind go up
Earths tilt 23.5 degree berputar Coriolis effect
London is near the polar area because of the gulf stream
Temperature vary
- land sea distribution
- ocean currents
- Latitude
LATITUDE - locations closer to the equator receive more direct sunlight.
Leading to warmer average temperature. Therefore, locations further
from the equator receive less direct sunlight and have cooler average
temperatures.
LAND SEA DISTRIBUTON
OCEAN AS HEAT SINKS - large bodies of water act like giant head sinks.
They absorb a lot of solar radiation during summer and at winter they
release the heat
LAND HEATS UP AND COOLS DOWN FASTER – land heats up quickly in
the summer due to its lower heat capacity. so, it loses heat rapidly in
winter leading to cooler temperatures
OCEAN CURRENTS - warm ocean currents can moderate temperatures in
nearby regions, while cold current can create cooler climates
Warm air rises, creating a low-pressure zone; cool air sinks, creating a
high-pressure zone.
Air that moves horizontally between high- and low-pressure zones makes
wind. The greater the pressure difference between the pressure zones the
faster the wind moves
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 2.2 Activities
Describe the main global wind systems shown in Figure 2.14
Figure 2.14 shows three main global wind systems. Trade winds blow from
east to west between 0° and 30° in both hemispheres and meet at the
ITCZ, where air rises and causes rain. Westerlies blow from west to east
between 30° and 60°, bringing changing weather to places like Europe
,and North America. Polar easterlies blow from the east near the poles and
are cold and dry.
In January, the wind belts and ITCZ shift south. In July, they move north
following the Sun. High pressure areas are found over oceans, and special
zones like the ZAB and SPCZ bring heavy rainfall.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
Latitude - a geographic coordinate system that specifies the north- south
position of a point on the Earth’s surface or any other celestial body. It is
measured in degrees, ranging from -90 degrees south pole to +90
degrees at the north pole, with 0 degrees at the equator
Uneven solar radiation due to its spherical shape and axial tilt
- Equatorial regions (low latitudes) :warm temperatures
year- round due to high solar radiation
- Mid latitudes: experience seasonal variations with warm
summers and cool winters due to a mix od high and low
solar radiation throughout the year
- Polar regions (high latitude): cold temperatures year –
round due to low solar radiation.
IMPACT ON CLIMATE
TROPICAL CLIMATE:
- located around the equator, these areas receive
consistent, high amounts of solar radiation (excess).
This results in: little seasonal temperatures variations
warm temperatures year-round.
- High humidity
- Significant precipitation
Temperate climate
- found in mid latitude these regions experience a
significant change in the angle of sunlight throughout
the year. This leads to
- Distinct seasons: warm summers with solar radiation
and colder winters with lower solar radiation
polar climates:
, - characterised by a persistent lack of solar radiation
(deficit), these regions have: extremely cold
temperature year round
- very short or no warm seasons.
HOW HUMAN ACTIVITIES AFFFECR EARTH’S ENERGY BALANCE
- Burning fossil fuels and AC release green house gases
that trap heat
- Deforestation changes the albedo
ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION – the sun heats the equator most, making
warm air rise. This creates a low-pressure zone. Up high, the air cools,
gets denser, and sinks back g called a convection cell, and there’s one in
the north and south of the equator
Convection cell is made of, Polar cell Ferrel cell, Hadley cell
Describe the atmospheric process of convection- as the sun heats
the earths surface (1). The air above it heats up and rises (1). If
conditions allow, this air can continue to rise, cooling as it does so,
forming clouds(condensation)(1)
Features of atmospheric circulation
- Location of high and low pressures
- Air flow from high to low
- Surface winds
- Three key cells within which air broadly rotates
Why are there areas with little wind like the doldrums and the
horse latitudes?
In which hemisphere do the prevailing westerlies blow from west
to east and why?
Doldrums= itcz vertical
Horse – horizontal
Surface area itcz little wind but at atmosphere many because the
wind go up
Earths tilt 23.5 degree berputar Coriolis effect
London is near the polar area because of the gulf stream
