CATEGORY FACTORS TO HIC EXAMPLE LIC EXAMPLE
CONSIDER
Physical Climate Mechanized Small-scale
relief(hills/plains farming on flat subsistence
), soil quality, plains farming on
water access slopes
Human/social Population Aging Young
density, age of population population
residents, (retirees), limited access to
service access schools closing clinics due to
(schools/hospital due to low birth poor roads
s) rates
economic Main industries, Diversified Primary: manual
technology tourism, farm labour
(internet/ shops, or agriculture or
machines) teleworking mining
employment (high- speed Wi-
types Fi)
In HICs – school’s closures due to the aging population
In LICs – lack of basic infrastructure (water/electricity) due to distance and
poverty
HICs the crisis of rural aging
- Japan: closes 450 schools annually due to low birth rates in rural
areas like Hokkaido. 2002- 2020
LICs the infrastructure gap
- Safe water less than 15% of rural dwellers in LICs have safely
managed water, compared to 60% of urban residents
CONSIDER
Physical Climate Mechanized Small-scale
relief(hills/plains farming on flat subsistence
), soil quality, plains farming on
water access slopes
Human/social Population Aging Young
density, age of population population
residents, (retirees), limited access to
service access schools closing clinics due to
(schools/hospital due to low birth poor roads
s) rates
economic Main industries, Diversified Primary: manual
technology tourism, farm labour
(internet/ shops, or agriculture or
machines) teleworking mining
employment (high- speed Wi-
types Fi)
In HICs – school’s closures due to the aging population
In LICs – lack of basic infrastructure (water/electricity) due to distance and
poverty
HICs the crisis of rural aging
- Japan: closes 450 schools annually due to low birth rates in rural
areas like Hokkaido. 2002- 2020
LICs the infrastructure gap
- Safe water less than 15% of rural dwellers in LICs have safely
managed water, compared to 60% of urban residents
