PRINCIPLES OF PEDIATRIC NURSING CARING
FOR CHILDREN COMPREHENSIVE TEST 2026
QUESTION SET SOLVED A+
◉ What is the best approach for a pediatric assessment? Answer:
Modify based on age and developmental level
◉ How should a nurse perform an infant assessment? Answer:
Examine on caregiver's lap; do invasive procedures last
◉ How should a nurse perform a toddler assessment? Answer:
Allow play, keep parent nearby, offer limited choices
◉ How should a nurse perform a preschooler assessment? Answer:
Demonstrate on a doll, explain procedures simply
◉ How should a nurse perform a school-age child assessment?
Answer: Explain procedures, allow handling of equipment
◉ How should a nurse perform an adolescent assessment? Answer:
Maintain privacy, explain findings, involve in decisions
,◉ In what order should a pediatric exam be performed? Answer:
Least invasive to most invasive
◉ What is the temperature range for infants (°C)? Answer:
Approximately 37.7°C
◉ What is a normal heart rate for newborns? Answer: 110-160 bpm
◉ What is a normal heart rate for school-age children? Answer: 60-
110 bpm
◉ What is a normal respiratory rate for infants? Answer: 30-60
breaths per minute
◉ What is a normal respiratory rate for preschoolers? Answer: 20-
25 breaths per minute
◉ What is a normal blood pressure for a school-age child? Answer:
Approximately 94-104/56-62 mmHg
◉ When should a nurse report abnormal respiratory findings?
Answer: RR >60 in newborns or <10 in older children
,◉ What does a bulging fontanel indicate? Answer: Increased
intracranial pressure
◉ What does a sunken fontanel indicate? Answer: Dehydration
◉ When measuring head circumference, until what age should it be
recorded? Answer: Up to 2 years old
◉ What is the best chart to use for growth under age 2? Answer:
WHO growth chart
◉ What chart is used for children 2 years and older? Answer: CDC
growth chart
◉ What is a sign of possible cerebral palsy? Answer: Persistent head
lag after 6 months
◉ What does an absent red reflex indicate? Answer: Possible
retinoblastoma
◉ What do retractions and nasal flaring indicate? Answer:
Respiratory distress
, ◉ What does a wide pulse pressure indicate? Answer: Possible
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
◉ What does a narrow pulse pressure indicate? Answer: Possible
cardiac failure
◉ What are normal eye findings in infants? Answer: Red reflex
present, symmetric eye movements
◉ When does permanent eye color appear? Answer: By 6-12 months
◉ How should the nurse examine the ear of a child under 3 years?
Answer: Pull pinna down and back
◉ How should the nurse examine the ear of a child 3 years and
older? Answer: Pull pinna up and back
◉ What is the expected color of the tympanic membrane? Answer:
Pearly pink or gray with visible light reflex
◉ What is the best indicator of dehydration in children? Answer:
Weight loss and sunken fontanels
FOR CHILDREN COMPREHENSIVE TEST 2026
QUESTION SET SOLVED A+
◉ What is the best approach for a pediatric assessment? Answer:
Modify based on age and developmental level
◉ How should a nurse perform an infant assessment? Answer:
Examine on caregiver's lap; do invasive procedures last
◉ How should a nurse perform a toddler assessment? Answer:
Allow play, keep parent nearby, offer limited choices
◉ How should a nurse perform a preschooler assessment? Answer:
Demonstrate on a doll, explain procedures simply
◉ How should a nurse perform a school-age child assessment?
Answer: Explain procedures, allow handling of equipment
◉ How should a nurse perform an adolescent assessment? Answer:
Maintain privacy, explain findings, involve in decisions
,◉ In what order should a pediatric exam be performed? Answer:
Least invasive to most invasive
◉ What is the temperature range for infants (°C)? Answer:
Approximately 37.7°C
◉ What is a normal heart rate for newborns? Answer: 110-160 bpm
◉ What is a normal heart rate for school-age children? Answer: 60-
110 bpm
◉ What is a normal respiratory rate for infants? Answer: 30-60
breaths per minute
◉ What is a normal respiratory rate for preschoolers? Answer: 20-
25 breaths per minute
◉ What is a normal blood pressure for a school-age child? Answer:
Approximately 94-104/56-62 mmHg
◉ When should a nurse report abnormal respiratory findings?
Answer: RR >60 in newborns or <10 in older children
,◉ What does a bulging fontanel indicate? Answer: Increased
intracranial pressure
◉ What does a sunken fontanel indicate? Answer: Dehydration
◉ When measuring head circumference, until what age should it be
recorded? Answer: Up to 2 years old
◉ What is the best chart to use for growth under age 2? Answer:
WHO growth chart
◉ What chart is used for children 2 years and older? Answer: CDC
growth chart
◉ What is a sign of possible cerebral palsy? Answer: Persistent head
lag after 6 months
◉ What does an absent red reflex indicate? Answer: Possible
retinoblastoma
◉ What do retractions and nasal flaring indicate? Answer:
Respiratory distress
, ◉ What does a wide pulse pressure indicate? Answer: Possible
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
◉ What does a narrow pulse pressure indicate? Answer: Possible
cardiac failure
◉ What are normal eye findings in infants? Answer: Red reflex
present, symmetric eye movements
◉ When does permanent eye color appear? Answer: By 6-12 months
◉ How should the nurse examine the ear of a child under 3 years?
Answer: Pull pinna down and back
◉ How should the nurse examine the ear of a child 3 years and
older? Answer: Pull pinna up and back
◉ What is the expected color of the tympanic membrane? Answer:
Pearly pink or gray with visible light reflex
◉ What is the best indicator of dehydration in children? Answer:
Weight loss and sunken fontanels
