PATH 1000 MIDTERM 1 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS (GRADED A+)
Pathophysiology - ANSWER - the study of changes in the body's physiology that result from
disorder or disease
Pathogenesis - ANSWER - the development of a disease
Clinical Manifestations - ANSWER - the presence or absence of disease often marked by signs
and symptoms
Diagnosis - ANSWER - identifying the type of illness or problem by examination of the
symptoms
Etiology - ANSWER - the cause of a disease or condition
Idiopathic - ANSWER - unknown cause of a disease
Iatrogenic - ANSWER - disease caused by a treatment or procedure error
Epidemiology - ANSWER - study of the distribution and determinants of health-related or events
in a population
Incidence - ANSWER - rate of occurrence
Ex: number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of time (1 in 3 may
catch a disease)
Prevalence - ANSWER - the number of people in a population who have the disease or
condition over a specific time period
,Ex: 1 in 10 have the disease
Endemic - ANSWER - the expected or normal incidence to a population or geographical area
Ex: chicken pox
Epidemic - ANSWER - dramatic increase in a condition to a large number of people at the same
time in a geographical area
Pandemic - ANSWER - high numbers of a disease in various regions/across continents
Morbidity - ANSWER - disease rates within a group
Mortality - ANSWER - deaths that result from a particular disease in a population
Ex: death rate due to TB
Hypoxic Injury - ANSWER - most common cause of cellular injury resulting in Ischemia (reduced
blood supply
Homeostasis - ANSWER - the body's ability to regulate and maintain health and equilibrium in
its functions
How is homeostasis linked to pathophysiology? - ANSWER - a small change to the internal
body throws homeostasis out of order, which will lead to illness and diseases
Prognosis - ANSWER - probable outcome of a patient's conditon
Sign - ANSWER - a clinical finding verified by the examiner
Primary Disease Prevention - ANSWER - altering behaviours to prevent a disease from
occurring
, Ex: vaccination
Cell Injury - ANSWER - when a cell cannot maintain homeostasis
- cell injury can be reversible or irreversible
When is a cell injury irreversible? - ANSWER - once change to the nucleus occur and cell
membranes are disrupted will then lead to cell death
What causes hypoxic injury? - ANSWER - hypoxia or lack of proficient oxygen within a cell
- loss of hemoglobin and decreased RBC production
Secondary Disease Prevention - ANSWER - performing early detection to prevent a disease
from occurring
Ex: medical examinations
Complications - ANSWER - the development of a disease in a person already coping with an
existing disorder
Ex: secondary bacterial infection
Sequelae - ANSWER - unwanted outcomes of a primary condition
Ex: ototoxic drugs causing deafness
Eight Chief Cellular Function - ANSWER - 1. Movement - muscle to bone causes movement
2. Conductivity - electric response to stimuli
3. Metabolic Absorption - taking and using nutrients
4. Secretion - mucus
5. Excretion - getting rid of waste
AND ANSWERS (GRADED A+)
Pathophysiology - ANSWER - the study of changes in the body's physiology that result from
disorder or disease
Pathogenesis - ANSWER - the development of a disease
Clinical Manifestations - ANSWER - the presence or absence of disease often marked by signs
and symptoms
Diagnosis - ANSWER - identifying the type of illness or problem by examination of the
symptoms
Etiology - ANSWER - the cause of a disease or condition
Idiopathic - ANSWER - unknown cause of a disease
Iatrogenic - ANSWER - disease caused by a treatment or procedure error
Epidemiology - ANSWER - study of the distribution and determinants of health-related or events
in a population
Incidence - ANSWER - rate of occurrence
Ex: number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of time (1 in 3 may
catch a disease)
Prevalence - ANSWER - the number of people in a population who have the disease or
condition over a specific time period
,Ex: 1 in 10 have the disease
Endemic - ANSWER - the expected or normal incidence to a population or geographical area
Ex: chicken pox
Epidemic - ANSWER - dramatic increase in a condition to a large number of people at the same
time in a geographical area
Pandemic - ANSWER - high numbers of a disease in various regions/across continents
Morbidity - ANSWER - disease rates within a group
Mortality - ANSWER - deaths that result from a particular disease in a population
Ex: death rate due to TB
Hypoxic Injury - ANSWER - most common cause of cellular injury resulting in Ischemia (reduced
blood supply
Homeostasis - ANSWER - the body's ability to regulate and maintain health and equilibrium in
its functions
How is homeostasis linked to pathophysiology? - ANSWER - a small change to the internal
body throws homeostasis out of order, which will lead to illness and diseases
Prognosis - ANSWER - probable outcome of a patient's conditon
Sign - ANSWER - a clinical finding verified by the examiner
Primary Disease Prevention - ANSWER - altering behaviours to prevent a disease from
occurring
, Ex: vaccination
Cell Injury - ANSWER - when a cell cannot maintain homeostasis
- cell injury can be reversible or irreversible
When is a cell injury irreversible? - ANSWER - once change to the nucleus occur and cell
membranes are disrupted will then lead to cell death
What causes hypoxic injury? - ANSWER - hypoxia or lack of proficient oxygen within a cell
- loss of hemoglobin and decreased RBC production
Secondary Disease Prevention - ANSWER - performing early detection to prevent a disease
from occurring
Ex: medical examinations
Complications - ANSWER - the development of a disease in a person already coping with an
existing disorder
Ex: secondary bacterial infection
Sequelae - ANSWER - unwanted outcomes of a primary condition
Ex: ototoxic drugs causing deafness
Eight Chief Cellular Function - ANSWER - 1. Movement - muscle to bone causes movement
2. Conductivity - electric response to stimuli
3. Metabolic Absorption - taking and using nutrients
4. Secretion - mucus
5. Excretion - getting rid of waste
