BIOS 251 Exam 2: Anatomy & Physiology I Practice Quiz Questions and
Answers and Explanations | Latest Chamberlain
1. Which type of bone cell is responsible for the resorption of bone matrix?
A. Osteoblast
B. Osteoclast
C. Osteocyte
D. Osteogenic cell
Answer: B
Explanation: Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells that break down bone matrix
through the secretion of acids and enzymes, a process known as resorption.
2. The structural unit of compact bone is called the:
A. Trabecula
B. Osteon
C. Canaliculus
D. Lamella
Answer: B
Explanation: The osteon, or Haversian system, is the fundamental functional and
structural unit of compact bone, consisting of concentric lamellae around a central canal.
,3. In the epiphyseal plate, which zone is responsible for the rapid division of
chondrocytes?
A. Zone of resting cartilage
B. Zone of hypertrophic cartilage
C. Zone of proliferating cartilage
D. Zone of calcified cartilage
Answer: C
Explanation: The zone of proliferating cartilage is where chondrocytes undergo rapid
mitosis, stacking up like coins to increase the length of the bone.
4. Which hormone is released when blood calcium levels are too low?
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C. Insulin
D. Growth hormone
Answer: B
Explanation: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands in
response to low blood calcium, stimulating osteoclast activity to release calcium from bone.
5. Which of the following is a function of the yellow bone marrow?
A. Production of red blood cells
B. Production of white blood cells
,C. Storage of vitamin D
D. Storage of triglycerides (fats)
Answer: D
Explanation: Yellow bone marrow consists mainly of adipose tissue and serves as a site for
triglyceride storage, unlike red marrow which is hemopoietic.
6. The process of bone formation from a hyaline cartilage model is known as:
A. Intramembranous ossification
B. Endochondral ossification
C. Appositional growth
D. Interstitial growth
Answer: B
Explanation: Endochondral ossification is the replacement of a hyaline cartilage model
with bone tissue, typical for long bones.
7. Which bone is considered part of the axial skeleton?
A. Femur
B. Sternum
C. Scapula
D. Radius
Answer: B
, Explanation: The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
(sternum and ribs). The others are part of the appendicular skeleton.
8. A fracture where the bone is broken into several pieces is called:
A. Comminuted fracture
B. Greenstick fracture
C. Impacted fracture
D. Stress fracture
Answer: A
Explanation: A comminuted fracture occurs when the bone is splintered, crushed, or
broken into multiple fragments.
9. The suture that connects the parietal bones to the occipital bone is the:
A. Coronal suture
B. Sagittal suture
C. Squamous suture
D. Lambdoid suture
Answer: D
Explanation: The lambdoid suture is the joint between the parietal bones and the occipital
bone at the back of the skull.
Answers and Explanations | Latest Chamberlain
1. Which type of bone cell is responsible for the resorption of bone matrix?
A. Osteoblast
B. Osteoclast
C. Osteocyte
D. Osteogenic cell
Answer: B
Explanation: Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells that break down bone matrix
through the secretion of acids and enzymes, a process known as resorption.
2. The structural unit of compact bone is called the:
A. Trabecula
B. Osteon
C. Canaliculus
D. Lamella
Answer: B
Explanation: The osteon, or Haversian system, is the fundamental functional and
structural unit of compact bone, consisting of concentric lamellae around a central canal.
,3. In the epiphyseal plate, which zone is responsible for the rapid division of
chondrocytes?
A. Zone of resting cartilage
B. Zone of hypertrophic cartilage
C. Zone of proliferating cartilage
D. Zone of calcified cartilage
Answer: C
Explanation: The zone of proliferating cartilage is where chondrocytes undergo rapid
mitosis, stacking up like coins to increase the length of the bone.
4. Which hormone is released when blood calcium levels are too low?
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C. Insulin
D. Growth hormone
Answer: B
Explanation: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands in
response to low blood calcium, stimulating osteoclast activity to release calcium from bone.
5. Which of the following is a function of the yellow bone marrow?
A. Production of red blood cells
B. Production of white blood cells
,C. Storage of vitamin D
D. Storage of triglycerides (fats)
Answer: D
Explanation: Yellow bone marrow consists mainly of adipose tissue and serves as a site for
triglyceride storage, unlike red marrow which is hemopoietic.
6. The process of bone formation from a hyaline cartilage model is known as:
A. Intramembranous ossification
B. Endochondral ossification
C. Appositional growth
D. Interstitial growth
Answer: B
Explanation: Endochondral ossification is the replacement of a hyaline cartilage model
with bone tissue, typical for long bones.
7. Which bone is considered part of the axial skeleton?
A. Femur
B. Sternum
C. Scapula
D. Radius
Answer: B
, Explanation: The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
(sternum and ribs). The others are part of the appendicular skeleton.
8. A fracture where the bone is broken into several pieces is called:
A. Comminuted fracture
B. Greenstick fracture
C. Impacted fracture
D. Stress fracture
Answer: A
Explanation: A comminuted fracture occurs when the bone is splintered, crushed, or
broken into multiple fragments.
9. The suture that connects the parietal bones to the occipital bone is the:
A. Coronal suture
B. Sagittal suture
C. Squamous suture
D. Lambdoid suture
Answer: D
Explanation: The lambdoid suture is the joint between the parietal bones and the occipital
bone at the back of the skull.
