BIOS251 Anatomy & Physiology I Final Exam Questions and Answers
and Explanations | Latest Chamberlain
1. Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism?
A. Blood clotting after an injury
B. Uterine contractions during childbirth
C. Release of oxytocin during breastfeeding
D. Regulation of body temperature
Answer: D
Explanation: Negative feedback mechanisms work to reverse a change in a controlled
condition, such as body temperature, to maintain homeostasis.
2. Which directional term best describes the relationship of the elbow to the
wrist?
A. Distal
B. Proximal
C. Superior
D. Lateral
Answer: B
Explanation: Proximal means closer to the point of attachment or trunk; the elbow is
closer to the shoulder than the wrist is.
,3. The sagittal plane divides the body into:
A. Superior and inferior portions
B. Anterior and posterior portions
C. Right and left portions
D. Equal left and right halves
Answer: C
Explanation: A sagittal plane divides the body into right and left portions; if it is exactly in
the middle, it is called midsagittal.
4. What type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between
atoms?
A. Ionic bond
B. Hydrogen bond
C. Covalent bond
D. Van der Waals force
Answer: C
Explanation: Covalent bonds are formed when two or more atoms share electrons to
achieve stability.
5. Which organic molecule is the primary source of cellular energy (ATP)?
A. Proteins
B. Lipids
,C. Carbohydrates
D. Nucleic acids
Answer: C
Explanation: Carbohydrates, specifically glucose, are the preferred and primary fuel
source for ATP production in cells.
6. The ‘powerhouse’ of the cell, where most ATP is generated, is the:
A. Mitochondrion
B. Nucleus
C. Ribosome
D. Lysosome
Answer: A
Explanation: Mitochondria are the sites of aerobic cellular respiration, which produces the
majority of a cell’s ATP.
7. Which process requires energy (ATP) to move substances against their
concentration gradient?
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Active transport
D. Simple diffusion
Answer: C
, Explanation: Active transport moves solutes from low to high concentration, requiring
energy input from the cell.
8. The synthesis of a protein from an RNA template is called:
A. Transcription
B. Translation
C. Replication
D. Mitosis
Answer: B
Explanation: Translation is the process where ribosomes read mRNA sequences to
assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain.
9. During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of
the cell?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: B
Explanation: In metaphase, chromosomes align along the metaphase plate (equatorial
plane) of the cell.
and Explanations | Latest Chamberlain
1. Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism?
A. Blood clotting after an injury
B. Uterine contractions during childbirth
C. Release of oxytocin during breastfeeding
D. Regulation of body temperature
Answer: D
Explanation: Negative feedback mechanisms work to reverse a change in a controlled
condition, such as body temperature, to maintain homeostasis.
2. Which directional term best describes the relationship of the elbow to the
wrist?
A. Distal
B. Proximal
C. Superior
D. Lateral
Answer: B
Explanation: Proximal means closer to the point of attachment or trunk; the elbow is
closer to the shoulder than the wrist is.
,3. The sagittal plane divides the body into:
A. Superior and inferior portions
B. Anterior and posterior portions
C. Right and left portions
D. Equal left and right halves
Answer: C
Explanation: A sagittal plane divides the body into right and left portions; if it is exactly in
the middle, it is called midsagittal.
4. What type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between
atoms?
A. Ionic bond
B. Hydrogen bond
C. Covalent bond
D. Van der Waals force
Answer: C
Explanation: Covalent bonds are formed when two or more atoms share electrons to
achieve stability.
5. Which organic molecule is the primary source of cellular energy (ATP)?
A. Proteins
B. Lipids
,C. Carbohydrates
D. Nucleic acids
Answer: C
Explanation: Carbohydrates, specifically glucose, are the preferred and primary fuel
source for ATP production in cells.
6. The ‘powerhouse’ of the cell, where most ATP is generated, is the:
A. Mitochondrion
B. Nucleus
C. Ribosome
D. Lysosome
Answer: A
Explanation: Mitochondria are the sites of aerobic cellular respiration, which produces the
majority of a cell’s ATP.
7. Which process requires energy (ATP) to move substances against their
concentration gradient?
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Active transport
D. Simple diffusion
Answer: C
, Explanation: Active transport moves solutes from low to high concentration, requiring
energy input from the cell.
8. The synthesis of a protein from an RNA template is called:
A. Transcription
B. Translation
C. Replication
D. Mitosis
Answer: B
Explanation: Translation is the process where ribosomes read mRNA sequences to
assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain.
9. During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of
the cell?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: B
Explanation: In metaphase, chromosomes align along the metaphase plate (equatorial
plane) of the cell.
