Natural Science Final Exam Study Guide Questions And Answers Well Elaborated.

Biology - Correct Answers The study of life and living things cell membrane - Correct Answers the structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside of the cell Cells - Correct Answers the basic units that make up all living organisms Chloroplast - Correct Answers the organelle in plant cells that capture energy from sunlight to build organic molecules Chromosomes - Correct Answers DNA containing structures in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Cytoplasm - Correct Answers the part of the cell that is outside the nucleus DNA - Correct Answers deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that stores genetic information in living organisms; a double-stranded molecule consisting of a sugar-phosphate backbone attached to a series of nitrogenous bases Eukaryotes - Correct Answers Organisms whose cells have a nucleus, such as animals and plants mitochondria - Correct Answers organelles that break down food molecules to provide the energy that cells need to carry out their function nucleus - Correct Answers a structure in eukaryotic cells that contains the cells DNA Organelles - Correct Answers structures in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that have specific functions organism - Correct Answers an individual living thing such as a plant or an animal Prokaryote - Correct Answers organisms whose cells have no nucleus, such as bacteria active transport - Correct Answers transport across the cell membrane in which energy is required from the cell ATP - Correct Answers adenosine triphosphate, the molecule that provides energy for most cellular process cellular respiration - Correct Answers the aerobic, or oxygen-using breakdown of glucose to obtain ATP enzyme - Correct Answers a protein that lowers the activation energy for a chemical reaction, allowing the reaction to happen more quickly mitosis - Correct Answers a type of cell division in which one cell divides into two cells, each of which has the same genetic information as the original cell passive transport - Correct Answers transport across the cell membrane that does not require energy from the cell, such as diffusion and facilitated diffusion photosynthesis - Correct Answers the process in plants and certain other organisms in which light energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy in organic molecules Adaptation - Correct Answers a trait that makes organisms well suited to living and reproducing in their enviorements artificial selection - Correct Answers the breeding of organism with traits humans like in order to produce offspring with similar traits Evolution - Correct Answers inherited changes in living organisms over time heritable - Correct Answers describes traits that are passed from parents to offspring because they are determined at least partly by genes natural selection - Correct Answersorganisms with heritable, advantageous treats leave more offspring than organisms with other traits, causing advantageous traits to become more common in a population over time speciation - Correct Answersthe formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution species - Correct Answersa group of organisms whose members can breed with one another but not with members of other species variation - Correct Answersdifferences in a trait from one individual to another biogeochemical cycles - Correct Answersthe movement of substances such as water, carbon and nitrogen between the tissues of living organisms and the abiotic world biomass - Correct Answersthe amount of organic matter in an ecosystem biome - Correct Answersone of the eighth major types of terrestrial ecosystem community - Correct Answersall the organisms that live within a given area consumer - Correct Answersan organisms that obtains food by eating other organisms decomposer - Correct Answersan organism that obtains food by eating dead organic matter ecology - Correct Answersthey study of how organisms interact with their environments ecosystem - Correct Answersall the organism that love within a given area and all the abiotic features of their enviorements exponential growth - Correct Answersa model of population growth in which a population grows at a fixed rate per amount of time logistic growth - Correct Answersa model of population growth in which population growth slows as the population approaches the habitats carrying capacity niche - Correct Answersthe total set of biotic and abiotic resources a species uses within a community population - Correct Answersa group of individuals of a single species that lives in a specific area producer - Correct Answersan organism that lives by making organic molecules from inorganic molecules and energy asthenosphere - Correct Answersa layer of weak, warm rock that flows slowly over geologic time continental drift - Correct Answersthe hypothesis that the worlds continents move slowly over earth's surface convergent boundaries - Correct AnswersPlaces where tectonic plates are coming together core - Correct Answersearth's innermost layer, which is mostly iron and includes the inner and outer core crust - Correct Answersearth's surface layer consisting of oceanic and continental crust density - Correct Answersthe amount of mass an object or material has compared to its volume Divergent boundaries - Correct Answersplaces where plates are pulling apart earth science - Correct Answersthe study of the history, structure, and natural processes of planet earth geology - Correct Answersthe earth science that is concerned with the compostion and structure of the earth's interior inner core - Correct Answersa solid sphere of hot metal, mostly iron, at the center of earth lithosphere - Correct Answersearth's outermost structural layer, consisting of cool rigid rock lower mantle - Correct Answersthe lowest portion of mantle, a zone of rigid rock magma - Correct Answersmolten rock inside the earth mantle - Correct Answersa layer of thick hot rock between the crust and core midocean ridge - Correct Answersa global system of underwater mountains created by Seafloor spreading ocean trenches - Correct Answerslong, deep, steep troughs in the Seafloor where an oceanic plate sinks beneath an overlying plate outer core - Correct Answersa shell of hot liquid metal beneath the mantle and above the inner core Plate tectonics - Correct Answersthe theory that states that earth's lithosphere so divided into larger plates that slowly move around the globe Seafloor Spreading - Correct Answersthe process by which new lithosphere is crated at Midocean ridges as older lithosphere moves away subduction - Correct Answersthe sinking of oceanic lithosphere into the asthenosphere subduction zone - Correct Answersthe region where an oceanic plate sinks into the asthenosphere at a convergent plate boundary tectonic plates - Correct Answersseparate pieces of lithosphere that move on top of the asthenosphere transform boundaries - Correct Answersplaces where tectonic plates slide along beside one another as they move asteroid - Correct Answersa small rocky body that orbits the sun comet - Correct Answersa body composed of ice and dust that orbits the sun, usually in a very eccentric orbit, and that casts a luminous tail when it is close to the sun Full Moon - Correct Answersthe phase of the moon when it's sunlit side is the side facing earth inner planets - Correct Answersthe planets close to the sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars Kiuper Belt - Correct Answersthe disk-shaped region of the solar system beyond Neptune populated by many icy bodies and is a source of short-period comets Lunar Eclipse - Correct Answersthe phenomenon whereby the shadow of earth falls on the moon, producing relatives darkness of the full moon meteor - Correct Answers the streak of light produced by a meteoroid burning in earth's atmosphere; a "shooting star" meteorite - Correct Answers a meteoroid, or a part of a meteoroid that has survived passage though earth's atmosphere to reach the ground meteoroid - Correct Answersa small piece of debris from a comet or asteroid in interplanetary space nebular theory - Correct Answers the idea that the sun and planets formed together from a cloud of gad and dust, a nebula new moon - Correct Answers the phase of the moon when darkness covers the side facing earth Oort Cloud - Correct Answers the region beyond the Kuiper belt that is populated by trillions of icy bodies and is a source of long-period comets Outer planets - Correct Answers Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune Planet - Correct Answers the major bodies orbiting the sun that are massive enough for their gravity tho make them spherical and small enough to avoid having nuclear fusion in their cores. They also have successfully cleared all debris from their orbital paths Solar Eclipse - Correct Answers the event of the moons shadow falling on earth, producing a region of darkness in the daytime