Growth and Development Across the
Lifespan 3rd Edition Leifer Test Bank |
Chapters 1-16 Complete | Gloria Leifer & Eve
Fleck
Development is Multidirectional - Answer--Throughout life, some dimensions or
components of a dimension expand and others shrink.
,Example;
When one language is acquired early in development, the capacity for acquiring second
and third languages decreases later in development, especially after early childhood.
During late adulthood, older adults might become wiser because they have more
experience than younger adults to draw upon to guide their decision making, but they
perform more poorly on tasks that require speed in processing information.
Development is Multideminsional - Answer--Development has biological, cognitive, and
socioemotional dimensions.
Even within a dimension, there are many components. For example, attention, memory,
abstract thinking, speed of processing information, and social intelligence are just a few
of the components of the cognitive dimension. No matter what your age might be, your
body, mind, emotions, and relationships are changing and affecting each other.
Development is plastic - Answer--Plasticity means the capacity for change.
Development is Lifelong - Answer--In the life-span perspective, early adulthood is not
the endpoint of development; rather, no age period dominates development.
Researchers increasingly study the experiences and psychological orientations of adults
at different points in their lives.
Development is Multidisciplinary - Answer--Psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists,
neuroscientists, and medical researchers all share an interest in unlocking the mysteries
of development through the life span.
Development is Contextual - Answer--All development occurs within a context, or
setting.
Contexts include families, schools, peer groups, churches, cities, neighborhoods,
university laboratories, countries, and so on. Each of these settings is influenced by
historical, economic, social, and cultural factors.
Nature vs. Nurture - Answer--"Nature" refers to genetic factors involved in development
(heredity)
"Nurture" refers to environmental factors and experiences involved in development
, Continuity vs. Discontinuity - Answer--"Continuity" theory says that development is a
gradual, continuous process.
"Discontinuity" theory says that development occurs in a series of distinct stages.
Stability vs. Change - Answer--Debate about whether we become older renditions of our
early experience (stability) or whether we develop into someone different from who we
were at an earlier point in development (change).
Frued's Psychosexual Theory of development - Answer--Theory that as children grow
up, their focus of pleasure and sexual impulses shifts from the mouth to the anus and
eventually to the genitals. As a result, we go through five stages of psychosexual
development: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. Our adult personality is determined
by the way we resolve conflicts between sources of pleasure at each stage and the
demands of reality.
Erik Erikson's stages of Psychosocial development - Answer--Pyschosocial theory that
proposes eight stages of human development. Each stage consists of a unique
developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved.
1. Trust vs. Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs. Doubt/Shame
3. Initiative vs. Guilt
4. Industry vs. Inferiority
5. Identity vs. Confusion
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
7. Generativity vs. Self-Absorption
8. Integrity vs. Despair
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development - Answer--Cognitive Theory stating that
children actively construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages
of cognitive development. How a child thinks—not how much the child
knows—determines the child's stage of cognitive development.
1. Sensorimotor
2. Preoperational
3. Concrete operational
4. Formal operational
Lifespan 3rd Edition Leifer Test Bank |
Chapters 1-16 Complete | Gloria Leifer & Eve
Fleck
Development is Multidirectional - Answer--Throughout life, some dimensions or
components of a dimension expand and others shrink.
,Example;
When one language is acquired early in development, the capacity for acquiring second
and third languages decreases later in development, especially after early childhood.
During late adulthood, older adults might become wiser because they have more
experience than younger adults to draw upon to guide their decision making, but they
perform more poorly on tasks that require speed in processing information.
Development is Multideminsional - Answer--Development has biological, cognitive, and
socioemotional dimensions.
Even within a dimension, there are many components. For example, attention, memory,
abstract thinking, speed of processing information, and social intelligence are just a few
of the components of the cognitive dimension. No matter what your age might be, your
body, mind, emotions, and relationships are changing and affecting each other.
Development is plastic - Answer--Plasticity means the capacity for change.
Development is Lifelong - Answer--In the life-span perspective, early adulthood is not
the endpoint of development; rather, no age period dominates development.
Researchers increasingly study the experiences and psychological orientations of adults
at different points in their lives.
Development is Multidisciplinary - Answer--Psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists,
neuroscientists, and medical researchers all share an interest in unlocking the mysteries
of development through the life span.
Development is Contextual - Answer--All development occurs within a context, or
setting.
Contexts include families, schools, peer groups, churches, cities, neighborhoods,
university laboratories, countries, and so on. Each of these settings is influenced by
historical, economic, social, and cultural factors.
Nature vs. Nurture - Answer--"Nature" refers to genetic factors involved in development
(heredity)
"Nurture" refers to environmental factors and experiences involved in development
, Continuity vs. Discontinuity - Answer--"Continuity" theory says that development is a
gradual, continuous process.
"Discontinuity" theory says that development occurs in a series of distinct stages.
Stability vs. Change - Answer--Debate about whether we become older renditions of our
early experience (stability) or whether we develop into someone different from who we
were at an earlier point in development (change).
Frued's Psychosexual Theory of development - Answer--Theory that as children grow
up, their focus of pleasure and sexual impulses shifts from the mouth to the anus and
eventually to the genitals. As a result, we go through five stages of psychosexual
development: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. Our adult personality is determined
by the way we resolve conflicts between sources of pleasure at each stage and the
demands of reality.
Erik Erikson's stages of Psychosocial development - Answer--Pyschosocial theory that
proposes eight stages of human development. Each stage consists of a unique
developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved.
1. Trust vs. Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs. Doubt/Shame
3. Initiative vs. Guilt
4. Industry vs. Inferiority
5. Identity vs. Confusion
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
7. Generativity vs. Self-Absorption
8. Integrity vs. Despair
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development - Answer--Cognitive Theory stating that
children actively construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages
of cognitive development. How a child thinks—not how much the child
knows—determines the child's stage of cognitive development.
1. Sensorimotor
2. Preoperational
3. Concrete operational
4. Formal operational
