MARK KLIMEK LECTURES 1 TO 12 COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW 2026 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS

MARK KLIMEK LECTURES 1 TO 12
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW 2026 QUESTIONS
AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS

◉ pH. Answer: The measure of acidity or alkalinity in a solution,
with a normal range of 7.35 to 7.45.


◉ CO2. Answer: The level of carbon dioxide in the blood, with a
normal range of 35 to 45 mmHg.


◉ HCO3. Answer: The level of bicarbonate in the blood, with a
normal range of 22 to 26 mEq/L.


◉ Metabolic Acidosis. Answer: An acid-base imbalance
characterized by low pH and low bicarbonate levels.


◉ Metabolic Alkalosis. Answer: An acid-base imbalance
characterized by high pH and high bicarbonate levels.


◉ Respiratory Acidosis. Answer: An acid-base imbalance
characterized by low pH and high carbon dioxide levels.

, ◉ Respiratory Alkalosis. Answer: An acid-base imbalance
characterized by high pH and low carbon dioxide levels.


◉ Ventilator. Answer: A machine that assists with breathing by
moving air into and out of the lungs.


◉ High Pressure Alarm. Answer: An alarm triggered by increased
resistance to air flow in a ventilator, caused by obstructions or kinks
in the tubing.


◉ Low Pressure Alarm. Answer: An alarm triggered by a decrease in
resistance to air flow in a ventilator, caused by disconnections in the
tubing.


◉ Overventilation. Answer: A condition where a patient is breathing
too rapidly, leading to respiratory alkalosis.


◉ Underventilation. Answer: A condition where a patient is
breathing too slowly, leading to respiratory acidosis.


◉ Wernicke Syndrome. Answer: Encephalopathy due to thiamine
deficiency