MARK KLIMEK LECTURES 1 TO 12 FINAL EXAM
2026 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Finish the saying:
As the pH goes, so... Answer: As the pH goes, so goes my patient,
except for Potassium
Ex: If pH is low, everything is low, except Potassium
Ex: If pH is high, everything is high, except Potassium
◉ What are some symptoms of alkalosis? Answer: - tachycardia
- tachypnea
- HTN
- seizures
- irritability
- spastic
- diarrhea
- borborgymi
- hyperreflexia (3+, 4+)
,- hypokalemia
◉ What is the nursing intervention for alkalosis? Answer: pt needs
suctioning because of seizures
◉ What are some symptoms of acidosis? Answer: - bradycardia
- constipation
- absent bowel sounds
- flaccid
- obtunded
- lethargy
- coma hyporeflexia (0, 1+)
- bradypnea
- low BP
- respiratory arrest
- hyperkalemia
◉ What is the nursing intervention for acidosis? Answer: pt needs to
be ventilated with an Ambu bag because of respiratory arrest
◉ Match the following with either acidosis or alkalosis:
,Over-ventilating:
Under-ventilating: Answer: Match the following with either acidosis
or alkalosis:
Over-ventilating: Alkalosis
Under-ventilating: Acidosis
◉ When is a pt in metabolic alkalosis? Answer: prolonged gastric
vomiting or suction
◉ What does a ventilator do? Answer: a machine designed to move
breathable air into and out of lungs
◉ What type of alarms does a ventilator have? Answer: high and
low-pressure alarm
◉ What are high-pressure alarms triggered by in a ventilator?
Answer: increased resistance to air flow
◉ What might cause a high-pressure alarm to go off in a ventilator?
How do you solve the issue? Answer: Obstructions
- Kinks in tubing → unkink it
- Condensed water in the dependent tube → empty the water
, - Mucus plugs → TCDB or suction PRN
◉ What is the appropriate order to address high pressure alarm in a
ventilator? Answer: 1. Unkink
2. Empty water out of tubing
3. Turn pt, TCDB
4. Suction
◉ What are low-pressure alarms triggered by in a ventilator?
Answer: decreased resistance in air flow
◉ What might cause a low-pressure alarm to go off in a ventilator?
How do you solve the issue? Answer: - Main tubing disconnection
- O2 sensor tube disconnection
Solution: Reconnect the disconnected tube unless the tube is on the
floor, then bag pt and call RT
◉ True or false: If the ventilator is set too high, the pt will be under-
ventilated and will be in respiratory acidosis Answer: False
If the ventilator is set too high, the pt will be over-ventilating
(panting) and be in respiratory alkalosis
2026 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Finish the saying:
As the pH goes, so... Answer: As the pH goes, so goes my patient,
except for Potassium
Ex: If pH is low, everything is low, except Potassium
Ex: If pH is high, everything is high, except Potassium
◉ What are some symptoms of alkalosis? Answer: - tachycardia
- tachypnea
- HTN
- seizures
- irritability
- spastic
- diarrhea
- borborgymi
- hyperreflexia (3+, 4+)
,- hypokalemia
◉ What is the nursing intervention for alkalosis? Answer: pt needs
suctioning because of seizures
◉ What are some symptoms of acidosis? Answer: - bradycardia
- constipation
- absent bowel sounds
- flaccid
- obtunded
- lethargy
- coma hyporeflexia (0, 1+)
- bradypnea
- low BP
- respiratory arrest
- hyperkalemia
◉ What is the nursing intervention for acidosis? Answer: pt needs to
be ventilated with an Ambu bag because of respiratory arrest
◉ Match the following with either acidosis or alkalosis:
,Over-ventilating:
Under-ventilating: Answer: Match the following with either acidosis
or alkalosis:
Over-ventilating: Alkalosis
Under-ventilating: Acidosis
◉ When is a pt in metabolic alkalosis? Answer: prolonged gastric
vomiting or suction
◉ What does a ventilator do? Answer: a machine designed to move
breathable air into and out of lungs
◉ What type of alarms does a ventilator have? Answer: high and
low-pressure alarm
◉ What are high-pressure alarms triggered by in a ventilator?
Answer: increased resistance to air flow
◉ What might cause a high-pressure alarm to go off in a ventilator?
How do you solve the issue? Answer: Obstructions
- Kinks in tubing → unkink it
- Condensed water in the dependent tube → empty the water
, - Mucus plugs → TCDB or suction PRN
◉ What is the appropriate order to address high pressure alarm in a
ventilator? Answer: 1. Unkink
2. Empty water out of tubing
3. Turn pt, TCDB
4. Suction
◉ What are low-pressure alarms triggered by in a ventilator?
Answer: decreased resistance in air flow
◉ What might cause a low-pressure alarm to go off in a ventilator?
How do you solve the issue? Answer: - Main tubing disconnection
- O2 sensor tube disconnection
Solution: Reconnect the disconnected tube unless the tube is on the
floor, then bag pt and call RT
◉ True or false: If the ventilator is set too high, the pt will be under-
ventilated and will be in respiratory acidosis Answer: False
If the ventilator is set too high, the pt will be over-ventilating
(panting) and be in respiratory alkalosis
