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History of HR/OB Research
Late 19C-early 20C (Kaufman, 2008)
Labor problem
Government regulation and labor law movement Scientific management
movement
Scientific management movement
Theory developed by Frederick Taylor (Taylorism)
Goal was to improve economic efficiency, especially labor productivity
Industrial safety movement
WWI
Employment Management
Employment Managers' Association of Boston, December 1912, promoted by
Meyer Bloomfield•
It was intended to handling the human relations problems between employers
and employees
- Generally viewed as confronting relationships
,Example practices of Employment Management
A centralized employment department (e.g.,personnel office) with responsibility
to administerhiring and firing
Adoption of scientific selection methods
Job analysis and formal wage/salary schedules
Fair wages, reasonable hours, and decent working
conditions Record-keeping and exit interviews
1930s - The GreatDepression (Leiserson,1933)
Large unemployment
Labor problems reemerged Less need to provide
inducement Cut back in HR
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the scientific
managementmovement (or theory) was used to assess work processes.
True
The Great Depression of the 1920s-1930s caused large labor shortages.
False
(Labor surplus)
,The Great Depression of the 1920s-1930s caused some organizations to
cutback their HRM budgets.
True
The Great Depression of the 1920s-1930s caused some organizations to
perceive less need to provide inducement to their employees
True
In the 1910s, employment management focused on handling the
problemsbetween employers and employees
True
In the 1910s, mass unionization was promoted by the enactment of the National
Labor Relations Act
False
(1930s: Mass unionization / Minimum wage / Collective bargaining;National
Labor Relations Act, 1935; Fair Labor Standards Act, 1938)
Inadequate income and lack of purchasing power were indicated as causesof the
Great Depression of the 1920s-1930s
True
The Great Depression of the 1920s-1930s caused the enactment of law(s)that
supported collective bargaining
True
, Attention to "human factor"
People began being recognized as important factor.
Increasing numbers of studies/writings from behavioral scientists focusing on
the "human" factor
Hawthorne experiments (human sentiments) (Mayo,1945)
The Hawthorne experiments were a series of studies whose findings implied
the importance of human factors (e.g., human sentiments, motivations) in
organizational outcomes.
True
1940-60s - Organizational Behavior emerged as ascholarly field
Industrial sociology, Industrial and OrganizationalPsychology (Miller & Form,
1951) Organizational Behavior
Motivation, leadership, conflict, negotiation, etc.
HRM research theoretically strengthened by
OBtheories Theory X" vs "theory Y" McGregor
(1960)31