MedSurg Exam 4 Review NUR355 Questions and Answers
Verified and Detailed 2026 Update
HCO3 range - Correct Answers 22-26
HCO3 being low means it is - Correct Answers acidic
CO2 range - Correct Answers 35-45
CO2 being low means it is - Correct Answers alkalotic (because it is an acid)
PH range - Correct Answers 7.35-7.45
PH being low means it is - Correct Answers acidic
Respiratory acidosis - Correct Answers high CO2, low PH, normal HCO3 or high
Respiratory acidosis physical manifestations - Correct Answers confusion, shallow and slow RR,
decreased LOC, CNS depresses
Respiratory acidosis treatment - Correct Answers incentive spirometer, deep breaths
, Respiratory alkalosis - Correct Answers low CO2, High PH, normal HCO3 or low
Respiratory alkalosis physical manifestations - Correct Answers hyperventilation (deep), CP,
change in LOC, tachycardia
Respiratory alkalosis treatment - Correct Answers rebreather
Metabolic acidosis - Correct Answers low HCO3, low PH, normal CO2 or low
Metabolic acidosis physical manifestations - Correct Answers tachypnea,
Metabolic acidosis can be caused by - Correct Answers DKA, CKD, K sparing diuretics
Metabolic acidosis labs - Correct Answers high BUN/CR, low GFR
Metabolic alkalosis - Correct Answers high HCO3, High PH, normal CO2 or high
Metabolic alkalosis physical manifestations - Correct Answers hypoventilations, muscle cramps,
twitching
Metabolic alkalosis labs - Correct Answers low- K, Ca, Mg. High- Na, Cl, P
Age related changes for hydration status - Correct Answers become dehydrated more easily
Small fluid shift in elderly would - Correct Answers throw them off
Verified and Detailed 2026 Update
HCO3 range - Correct Answers 22-26
HCO3 being low means it is - Correct Answers acidic
CO2 range - Correct Answers 35-45
CO2 being low means it is - Correct Answers alkalotic (because it is an acid)
PH range - Correct Answers 7.35-7.45
PH being low means it is - Correct Answers acidic
Respiratory acidosis - Correct Answers high CO2, low PH, normal HCO3 or high
Respiratory acidosis physical manifestations - Correct Answers confusion, shallow and slow RR,
decreased LOC, CNS depresses
Respiratory acidosis treatment - Correct Answers incentive spirometer, deep breaths
, Respiratory alkalosis - Correct Answers low CO2, High PH, normal HCO3 or low
Respiratory alkalosis physical manifestations - Correct Answers hyperventilation (deep), CP,
change in LOC, tachycardia
Respiratory alkalosis treatment - Correct Answers rebreather
Metabolic acidosis - Correct Answers low HCO3, low PH, normal CO2 or low
Metabolic acidosis physical manifestations - Correct Answers tachypnea,
Metabolic acidosis can be caused by - Correct Answers DKA, CKD, K sparing diuretics
Metabolic acidosis labs - Correct Answers high BUN/CR, low GFR
Metabolic alkalosis - Correct Answers high HCO3, High PH, normal CO2 or high
Metabolic alkalosis physical manifestations - Correct Answers hypoventilations, muscle cramps,
twitching
Metabolic alkalosis labs - Correct Answers low- K, Ca, Mg. High- Na, Cl, P
Age related changes for hydration status - Correct Answers become dehydrated more easily
Small fluid shift in elderly would - Correct Answers throw them off
