ITEC LEVEL 3 SPORTS MASSAGE DIPLOMA
REVISION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. UPDATED
2027
What are the 5 benefits of using ice (cryotheraphy)? - ANSWER -Vasoconstrictor
(decreases blood fow)
Slow downs local metabolism (damaged tissue produces pain producing
substances)
Neutralizes local histamine (vasodilator)
Decreases local spasm
Increases pain threshold
How long should you ice an acute injury? - ANSWER -10 to 15 min depending
and depth of tissue affected and patient's body composition
Name 3 different types of tapotement? - ANSWER -Only used for per event
massage
Cupping
Hacking
Pounding
Name 3 different types if petrissage techniques? - ANSWER -Kneading (palmar,
knuckle, fingertips, thumb, open-C)
Muscle compression
Wringing
Picking-up
3 aims of a pre event massage - ANSWER -Create a state of readiness in the
muscle
increase blood flow
reduce tension
increase flexibility and ROM
decrease anxiety
,increase focus (psychologically)
Name 2 tendon pathologies - ANSWER -Tendonitis
Tendonosis
Tendoperiostitis
Tenosynovitis
What are the benefits of deep friction techniques? - ANSWER -Break down scar
tissue
Stimulate fiber orientation
Induces traumatic hyperemia
Prevent adhesions
Induces vasodilation increasing blood flow in the area
Speeds rate of protein synthesis
Name 3 different applicators with an effleurage technique - ANSWER -single
handed
double handeds
single reinforced
forearm
What is a latent trigger point? - ANSWER -It's a TP that exists but does not refer
pain actively
What type of STR involves the therapist shortening the tissue, putting a lock in
and then lengthening the muscle? - ANSWER -Passive STR
Name 3 areas to look at when assessing feet with a postural exam? - ANSWER -
Talar head (are both lateral and medial heads palpable), supra and infra malleolar
curvature (supinated, neutral or pronated), calcaneus (inversion or eversion),
medial longitudinal arch
What is an active trigger point? - ANSWER -It a TP that exists and refers pain
actively
,What does PIR stand for with MET techniques - ANSWER -PostIsometric
Relaxation
Why would you use MET techniques? - ANSWER -Prepare tissue for HVLA
Mobilise a restricted joint
Lengthen tense muscle and fascia
What does NMT stand for? - ANSWER -NeuroMuscular Technique (trigger
point)
How long do you hold an isometric contraction for with an MET? - ANSWER -6
seconds
Name 2 things a trigger point may elicit with pressure? - ANSWER -Local pain
and pain radiating to the surrounding area
What is the name of the thin fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each muscle
compartment? - ANSWER -Fascia
Give 2 causes of plantar fasciitis - ANSWER -Flat feet
Reduced range of dorsiflexion
Increase of training load
Footwear
overweight
Name 2 common sites of stress fracture? - ANSWER -Tibia
Fibula
Femoral neck
What does MTSS stand for in relation to shin pain? - ANSWER -Medial Tibial
Stress Syndrome
What is the treatment method for shin splints? - ANSWER -Effleurage
petrissage of gastroc. and soleus
STR, MET
, myofascial release
friction of medial border
Name 2 causes of achilles bursitis - ANSWER -Repeated trauma
Friction (shoes)
Name 2 symptoms of tendonosis - ANSWER -Pain upon palpation, during
exercise, pain and stiffness in the morning
Give 2 symptoms of compartment syndrome - ANSWER -5 Ps, pain, paresthesia,
pallor, paralysis, lack of pulse
pain during exercise goes at rest
Name 3 muscles in the anterior compartment of lower leg - ANSWER -Tibialis
anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor halluces longus
What post treatment advice would you give for Achilles tendonosis? - ANSWER
-Eccentric strengthening protocol on edge of a step (increasing load gradually) 150
rep every day for 12 weeks
What are the most common age group and sex for Osgood Schlatters Disease? -
ANSWER -Adolescent during growth spurt, more common in boys between 10
and 15 years old, a bit earlier for girls.
What are the 3 parts of the 'unhappy triad'? - ANSWER -Full or partial tears of
ACL, MCL and medial meniscus
Name all 3 hamstring muscles? - ANSWER -Biceps femoris, semitendinosus,
semimembranosus
What is the name of the condition where there is degeneration of the posterior
patella surface? - ANSWER -Patellofemoral syndrome (or Chondromalacia
patella)
REVISION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. UPDATED
2027
What are the 5 benefits of using ice (cryotheraphy)? - ANSWER -Vasoconstrictor
(decreases blood fow)
Slow downs local metabolism (damaged tissue produces pain producing
substances)
Neutralizes local histamine (vasodilator)
Decreases local spasm
Increases pain threshold
How long should you ice an acute injury? - ANSWER -10 to 15 min depending
and depth of tissue affected and patient's body composition
Name 3 different types of tapotement? - ANSWER -Only used for per event
massage
Cupping
Hacking
Pounding
Name 3 different types if petrissage techniques? - ANSWER -Kneading (palmar,
knuckle, fingertips, thumb, open-C)
Muscle compression
Wringing
Picking-up
3 aims of a pre event massage - ANSWER -Create a state of readiness in the
muscle
increase blood flow
reduce tension
increase flexibility and ROM
decrease anxiety
,increase focus (psychologically)
Name 2 tendon pathologies - ANSWER -Tendonitis
Tendonosis
Tendoperiostitis
Tenosynovitis
What are the benefits of deep friction techniques? - ANSWER -Break down scar
tissue
Stimulate fiber orientation
Induces traumatic hyperemia
Prevent adhesions
Induces vasodilation increasing blood flow in the area
Speeds rate of protein synthesis
Name 3 different applicators with an effleurage technique - ANSWER -single
handed
double handeds
single reinforced
forearm
What is a latent trigger point? - ANSWER -It's a TP that exists but does not refer
pain actively
What type of STR involves the therapist shortening the tissue, putting a lock in
and then lengthening the muscle? - ANSWER -Passive STR
Name 3 areas to look at when assessing feet with a postural exam? - ANSWER -
Talar head (are both lateral and medial heads palpable), supra and infra malleolar
curvature (supinated, neutral or pronated), calcaneus (inversion or eversion),
medial longitudinal arch
What is an active trigger point? - ANSWER -It a TP that exists and refers pain
actively
,What does PIR stand for with MET techniques - ANSWER -PostIsometric
Relaxation
Why would you use MET techniques? - ANSWER -Prepare tissue for HVLA
Mobilise a restricted joint
Lengthen tense muscle and fascia
What does NMT stand for? - ANSWER -NeuroMuscular Technique (trigger
point)
How long do you hold an isometric contraction for with an MET? - ANSWER -6
seconds
Name 2 things a trigger point may elicit with pressure? - ANSWER -Local pain
and pain radiating to the surrounding area
What is the name of the thin fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each muscle
compartment? - ANSWER -Fascia
Give 2 causes of plantar fasciitis - ANSWER -Flat feet
Reduced range of dorsiflexion
Increase of training load
Footwear
overweight
Name 2 common sites of stress fracture? - ANSWER -Tibia
Fibula
Femoral neck
What does MTSS stand for in relation to shin pain? - ANSWER -Medial Tibial
Stress Syndrome
What is the treatment method for shin splints? - ANSWER -Effleurage
petrissage of gastroc. and soleus
STR, MET
, myofascial release
friction of medial border
Name 2 causes of achilles bursitis - ANSWER -Repeated trauma
Friction (shoes)
Name 2 symptoms of tendonosis - ANSWER -Pain upon palpation, during
exercise, pain and stiffness in the morning
Give 2 symptoms of compartment syndrome - ANSWER -5 Ps, pain, paresthesia,
pallor, paralysis, lack of pulse
pain during exercise goes at rest
Name 3 muscles in the anterior compartment of lower leg - ANSWER -Tibialis
anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor halluces longus
What post treatment advice would you give for Achilles tendonosis? - ANSWER
-Eccentric strengthening protocol on edge of a step (increasing load gradually) 150
rep every day for 12 weeks
What are the most common age group and sex for Osgood Schlatters Disease? -
ANSWER -Adolescent during growth spurt, more common in boys between 10
and 15 years old, a bit earlier for girls.
What are the 3 parts of the 'unhappy triad'? - ANSWER -Full or partial tears of
ACL, MCL and medial meniscus
Name all 3 hamstring muscles? - ANSWER -Biceps femoris, semitendinosus,
semimembranosus
What is the name of the condition where there is degeneration of the posterior
patella surface? - ANSWER -Patellofemoral syndrome (or Chondromalacia
patella)
