NURS 518 Exam 1 Ch. 1-6 Exam Questions with Correct
Answers | New Update 100% Solved (A+ Grade)
World Health Organization definition of health
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity
Healthy People 2020 Health Definition
Health is an interaction between an individual's biology and behavior, physical and
social environments, government policies and interventions, and access to quality
health care.
Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and
premature death.
Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life
stages.
Physiology
The study of body function
Pathophysiology
is the study of the body's response to dysfunction or disease
disease
An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally. Interruption,
cessation, or disorder of a body system or organ structure.
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Morphological changes
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Page 1 of 21
,Clinical Course
Aspects of the disease process? (6)
Biological agents: bacteria, viruses
Physical: traumas, radiation, burns
Chemical agents: poisons, alcohol
Genetic inheritance
Nutritional excesses or deficits: obesity
Etiology Factors of Disease? (5)
Diagnostic Reasoning
Hallmark of clinical judgment and requires careful analysis. Method of collecting
and analyzing clinical information with the following components: (1) attending to
initially available cues, (2) formulating diagnostic hypotheses, (3) gathering data
relative to the tentative hypotheses, (4) evaluating each hypothesis with the new
data collected, and (5) arriving at a final diagnosis.
Symptom Analysis
Assessment and clinical decision making. The fixed properties of a diagnostic test
relate to its sensitivity and specificity.
Epidemiology
The study of disease occurrence in a population
Diagnosis
designation as to the nature or cause of a health problem
History
Physical Exam
Diagnostic Tests
The diagnostic process requires? (3)
History (Hx)
Page 2 of 21
, used to obtain a person's account of their symptoms and their progression and the
factors that contribute to a diagnosis
Physical Exam (PE)
Done to observe for signs of altered body structure or function
Diagnostic Tests
Ordered to validate what is thought to be the problem; also ordered to determine
other possible health problems that were not obtained from the Hx and PE but may
be present given the signs and symptoms.
Normal
Established statistically from test results obtained from a selected sample of
people. This value represents the test results that fall within the bell curve or the
95% distribution.
Validity
The extent to which a measurement tool measures what it is extended to measure.
Reliability
Ability of a test to yield very similar scores for the same individual over repeated
testings. Consistency.
Sensitivity
The proportion of people with a disease who are positive for that disease on a
given test or observation; true-positive result.
Specificity
The proportion of people without the disease who are negative on a given test or
observation; true-negative result
Greater
the higher specificity, the ________ the % of individuals who will have negative
for normal results, if they do not have the disease or condition
Predictive Value
Page 3 of 21
Answers | New Update 100% Solved (A+ Grade)
World Health Organization definition of health
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity
Healthy People 2020 Health Definition
Health is an interaction between an individual's biology and behavior, physical and
social environments, government policies and interventions, and access to quality
health care.
Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and
premature death.
Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life
stages.
Physiology
The study of body function
Pathophysiology
is the study of the body's response to dysfunction or disease
disease
An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally. Interruption,
cessation, or disorder of a body system or organ structure.
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Morphological changes
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Page 1 of 21
,Clinical Course
Aspects of the disease process? (6)
Biological agents: bacteria, viruses
Physical: traumas, radiation, burns
Chemical agents: poisons, alcohol
Genetic inheritance
Nutritional excesses or deficits: obesity
Etiology Factors of Disease? (5)
Diagnostic Reasoning
Hallmark of clinical judgment and requires careful analysis. Method of collecting
and analyzing clinical information with the following components: (1) attending to
initially available cues, (2) formulating diagnostic hypotheses, (3) gathering data
relative to the tentative hypotheses, (4) evaluating each hypothesis with the new
data collected, and (5) arriving at a final diagnosis.
Symptom Analysis
Assessment and clinical decision making. The fixed properties of a diagnostic test
relate to its sensitivity and specificity.
Epidemiology
The study of disease occurrence in a population
Diagnosis
designation as to the nature or cause of a health problem
History
Physical Exam
Diagnostic Tests
The diagnostic process requires? (3)
History (Hx)
Page 2 of 21
, used to obtain a person's account of their symptoms and their progression and the
factors that contribute to a diagnosis
Physical Exam (PE)
Done to observe for signs of altered body structure or function
Diagnostic Tests
Ordered to validate what is thought to be the problem; also ordered to determine
other possible health problems that were not obtained from the Hx and PE but may
be present given the signs and symptoms.
Normal
Established statistically from test results obtained from a selected sample of
people. This value represents the test results that fall within the bell curve or the
95% distribution.
Validity
The extent to which a measurement tool measures what it is extended to measure.
Reliability
Ability of a test to yield very similar scores for the same individual over repeated
testings. Consistency.
Sensitivity
The proportion of people with a disease who are positive for that disease on a
given test or observation; true-positive result.
Specificity
The proportion of people without the disease who are negative on a given test or
observation; true-negative result
Greater
the higher specificity, the ________ the % of individuals who will have negative
for normal results, if they do not have the disease or condition
Predictive Value
Page 3 of 21
