Bios 251 Chapter 6 Test Questions with Complete Solutions | Latest Update 2026 | Graded A+

Bios 251 Chapter 6 Test Questions with Complete Solutions | Latest Update 2026 | Graded A+ Bone is made up of - answer-osseous tissue, cartilage,dense connective tissue, epithelium, adipose tissue, and nervous tissue skeletal system - answer-Functions in support, protection, movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, and triglyceride storage Parts of a long bone - answer-diaphysis(shaft), epiphyses(ends), metaphyses, articular cartilage, periosteum, medullary (marrow) cavity, endosteum Bone tissue consists of - answer-Widely separated cells surrounded by a extracellular matrix 4 principal types of cells in bone tissue - answer-Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts (bone building), osteocytes (maintain daily activity of bone), osteoclasts (destroy bone) extrecellular matrix of bone - answer-Abundant mineral salts (mostly hydroxyapatite) and collagen fibers compact bone tissue - answer-Consists of osteons (harversian system) with little space between them harversian canal (central canal) - answer-a system of canals and matrix rings found in compact bone that allows blood vessels and nerves to be carried to all areas of the bonevertical canal in an osteon compact bone tissue - answer-Lies over spongy bone tissue is the epiphysis and makes up most of the bone tissue in the diaphysis compact bone tissue - answer-Strongest form of bone and protects, support, and resists stress spongy bone tissue - answer-Does not contain osteons, Consists of lamellae trabeculae surrounding many red bone marrow-filled spaces. Spongy bone tissue forms - answer-Short, flat, and irregular bones. The interior of of the epiphysis in long bones Functionally spongy bone - answer-Trabeculae offer resistance from stress, support and protect red bone marrow, and makes bone lighter for easier bone movements Long bones are supplied with - answer-Periosteal, nutrient, metaphyseal, epiphyseal arteries, and veins accompany the arteries Nerves accompany - answer-blood vessels Ossification - answer-process of bone formation steps of ossification - answer-1. A bone collar forms around the diaphysis of the hyaline cartilage model. 2. Cartilage in the center of the diaphysis calcifies and then develops cavities. 3. The periosteal bud invades the internal cavities and spongy bone forms. 4. The diaphysis elongates and a medullary cavity forms.5. The epiphyses ossify. intramembranous ossification - answer-process by which bone forms directly from mesenchymal tissue, flat bones and the skull endochondral ossification - answer-process in which bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage steps of endochondral ossification - answer-1. Development of cartilage model 2. Growth of cartilage model 3. Development of primary ossification center 4. Development of medullary cavity 5. Development of secondary ossification center 6. Formation of articular cartilage & epiphyseal plate primary ossification center in a long bone - answer-diaphysis Zones of epiphyseal growth plate - answer-Zone of resting cartilage Zone of proliferating cartilage Zone of hypertrophic cartilage Zone of calcified cartilage The diaphysis of a bone increases because - answer-Of cell division in the epiphyseal plate appositional growth - answer-diameter bone growth due to the addition of new bone tissue by periosteal osterblastbone remodeling - answer-The continuous turnover of bone matrix and mineral that involves first, an increase in resorption and osteoclast activity, and later, reactive bone formation by osteoblast activity. Osteoclasts - answer-cells that break down bone matrix Osterblasts - answer-bone forming cells Osteoclast release - answer-Enzymes and acid that degrade collagen fibers and dissolve mineral salt Types of fractures - answer-- Closed, simple - Open, compound - Greenstick -comminuted -impacted -stress -plot -colles fracture repair - answer-bone bleeds, heal with callus, blast and clast remodel Bone is a major storage site for - answer-CALCIUM and phosphorus Mechanical stress increases bone strength by - answer-increasing deposition of mineral salts and production of collagen fibersRemoving mechanical stress - answer-Weekend the bone by demineralization and collagen fiber reduction Principal effect of aging - answer-Demineralization, a loss of calcium from bones, and a decreased production of extracellular matrix proteins Hemopoiesis - answer-blood cell formation yellow marrow - answer-Triglyceride storage