AVIT 414 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

AVIT 414 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 PAVE Checklist - Answers Pilot Aircraft Environment External stress Pilot (risk analysis) [3] - Answers Competency, currency, flight experience Aircraft (risk analysis) [2] - Answers Capability Airworthiness Environment (risk analysis) [2] - Answers Weather Airport conditions 5 hazardous attitudes - Answers Macho Invulnerability Impulsivity Anti-authority Resignation Defintion of risk - Answers Probability and severity of accident Risk management - Answers Logical process of weighing the potential costs of risks against the possible benefits of allowing those risks to stand uncontrolled 3Ps - Answers Perceive the given set of circumstances for a flight Process by evaluating their relationship to flight safety Perform by implementing the best course of action 4 basic principles of risk management for an "acceptable" risk - Answers Accept no unnecessary risk Make risk decisions at the appropriate level Accept risk when benefits outweigh the costs Integrate risk management into planning at all levels Antidote for anti-authority - Answers Follow the rules. They are there for a reason. Antidote for impulsivity - Answers Not so fast. Think first. Antidote for invulnerability - Answers It could happen to me Antidote for macho - Answers Taking chances is foolish Antidote for resignation - Answers I'm not helpless. I can make a difference. What should we do before each flight? - Answers Identify all risks Eliminate those that we can Reduce all others to an acceptable level 3 methods for flying XC - Answers Pilotage, dead reckoning, radio navigation Pilotage - Answers Navigation by visual landmarks Dead reckoning - Answers Based on calculations of time, speed, distance, and direction PTS requirement for flight planning - Answers Flight plan should be to the first fuel stop based on maximum allowable passengers, baggage, and/or cargo loads using real time weather Examples of good checkpoints - Answers Small towns, road intersections, railroad intersections, lake with other references, towers How far should your checkpoint be from each other? - Answers 5-10 minutes Purpose of being "on-time" - Answers If you get to your checkpoint on time, you can determine if you will have enough fuel to continue to your destination If we get lost, what should we do? - Answers Confess Climb Circle Conserve Communicate VFR fuel reserves (day vs. night) - Answers Day: 30 minutes Night: 45 minutes Challenges to flying [5] - Answers Fatigue Anxiety Dehydration Illness Physical discomfort Demonstration-performance method [5] - Answers Explanation, demonstration, student performance, instructor supervision, evaluation In-depth steps of demonstration performance method [4] - Answers Instructor tells- instructor does Student tells- instructor does Student tells- student does Student does- instructor evaluates Integrated flight instruction - Answers Use both visual and instrument references But have the student learn the maneuvers by looking outside first Definition of learning - Answers Change in behavior as a result of an experience With regards to the definition of learning, what should a CFI do? - Answers Provide experiences necessary to change the student's behavior How can we adapt the teaching method for each student? - Answers By learning about their personality (Myers-Briggs personality test) Human needs and motivation [5] - Answers Physiological needs (food, water, etc.) Love and belongingness Safety and security Self-esteem Self-actualization "Safety and security" in regards to learning - Answers Students won't learn if they don't feel safe "Love and belongingness" in regards to learning - Answers CFI should have a close, yet professional relationship with their students "Self esteem" when it comes to learning - Answers Feeling good about one's self. When you have a good self-esteem, you will feel good about yourself and what you're doing. Self actualization - Answers Be all you can be. Do what you were "born to do" Theory X - Answers Belief that people don't like work, so they have to be controlled, directed, and threatened with punishments Theory Y - Answers Develop the potential in people and help them release that potential People exercise self-direction if they're committed to the goals Should be rewarded for good work Purpose of defense mechanisms - Answers Protect humans against anxiety, unpleasant situations, and provides refuge when we can't cope Two categories of defense mechanisms - Answers Physiological Psychological 8 defense mechanisms - Answers - Compensation - Denial - Displacement - Fantasy - Projection - Rationalization - Reaction formation - Repression Repression - Answers When your brain puts uncomfortable thoughts into an inaccessible area of your mind, so you can't recall what you've done Level of repression can vary Denial of reality - Answers Refusal to accept the reality because it is too threatening. Either deny it totally or minimize it. Compensation - Answers Compensate for the lack of some skills with something that's better (e.g. covering up your bad stalls with good steep turns) Projection - Answers Projecting your blame on someone else (e.g. blaming your check pilot for failing the stage) Rationalization - Answers Making excuses (e.g. blaming BNSF for being late to class, getting a bad grade because the professor was harsh) Projection vs. Rationalization - Answers Projection = blaming someone; rationalization = blaming something Fantasy - Answers Daydreaming about how things should be rather than reality. When they start believing so much in the dream, they will stop trying to work hard to achieve goals. 2 types of fantasy - Answers Physical flight- gets up and leave Mental flight- attention is somewhere else Reaction formation - Answers Say something the opposite of what you really want (e.g. saying "who cares what others think" to cover up feelings of loneliness Displacement - Answers Unconscious shift of emotion from the original object to a less threatening substitute (e.g. treating your dog bad because your boss scolded you) Objective of the CFI when the student displays a defense mechanism - Answers Restore motivation and self-confidence Most significant psychological factor concering flight instruction - Answers Anxiety Anxiety [3] - Answers Feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease What can abnormal reactions suggest? - Answers A sign of a deep-seated problem How can you counter anxiety? [2] - Answers Reinforce the student's enjoyment of flying Teach students how to cope with fear Normal reaction to stress [2] - Answers - Heart beats faster - Respond rapidly exactly within the limits of your experience/training Abnormal reaction to stress [5] - Answers Painstaking self control Inappropriate laughter Severe anger Extreme over-cooperation Rapid changes in emotion What should you do when you have a student who's psychologically abnormal? [3] - Answers Refrain from instructing that student Dont get him/her certificated Have an unbiased instructor fly with them and see what they think How can FSDO assist seriously abnormal students? - Answers They have an Aviation Safety Counselor How are adult learners different? [5] - Answers Self-directed Goal oriented Independent Use their previous knowledge/experience for learning Solve problems and apply new knowledge immediately How should you teach adult students? [5] - Answers Make a detailed syllabus Integrate new ideas with what they already know Articulate your expectations More scenario-based training Dont spoon-feed the student Communication - Answers Flow of information from one person to another What must be present for an effective communication? - Answers Feedback Barriers to effective communication [4] - Answers Lack of common experience Confusion between the symbol and the symbolized object Use of abstractions (e.g. aircraft means a lot of things) Interference (psychological, physiological, environmental) 2 learning theories - Answers Behaviorism Cognitive Behaviorism - Answers Behavior is affected by what happened in the past (thus conditioned by the environment) Cognitive - Answers People learn by thinking and understanding differently Bloom's taxonomy of learning - Answers Describes the 3 levels/domains of learning 3 parts of the Bloom's taxonomy of learning - Answers Analysis- what are the possible outcomes? Synthesis- what does your student do with the scenario you give them? Evaluation- judge your own performance What is Higher Order of Thinking Skills (HOTS) referred to in aviation? - Answers ADM Two subcategories of cognitive learning theory - Answers Information processing theory Constructivism Information processing theory - Answers Human brain processes incoming information, stores, and retrieves it Constructivism - Answers Learners learn actively by experiences Tools used to teach ADM [4] - Answers Scenario based learning Authentic problems Student centered learning Active learning Is there a right or wrong answer for scenario based learning? - Answers No Perceptions, sight vs. hearing - Answers Sight- 75%; hearing- 13% Sight + hearing = 88% With regards to perceptions, what should a CFI do? - Answers Give meaning to the sensations Factors that affect perception - Answers Goals and values Element of threat Physical organism Self concept Time and opportunity Acronym: GEPST How does 'physical organism' affect perception? - Answers Be physically fit How does 'Element of threat' affect perception? - Answers We treat a threat as something important so that's what we focus on How does 'Goals and values' affect perception? - Answers Our perspective reflects our personal interests How does 'Self concept' affect perception? - Answers Student's perspective (confident or insecure) about themselves will affect their perception How does 'Time and opportunity' affect perception? - Answers Good timing is important; no use teaching a 102 student about how to shoot an approach Insights - Answers Meaning given to a combination of perceptions (e.g. telling your student what a straight-and-level flight looks like) Levels of learning [4] - Answers Rote Understanding Application Correlation Acronym: RUAC Rote - Answers Ability to repeat back Understanding - Answers Understanding how or why Application - Answers Ability to apply what you've learned Correlation - Answers Applying the learning to a new/different situation Laws of learning [6] - Answers Readiness Exercise Effect Primacy Intensity Recency Acronym: REEPIR Readiness - Answers Be ready to learn physically (be awake, etc.) and mentally (excited to learn) Exercise - Answers The more you do something, the better you'll be at it Effect - Answers Learning is strengthened when it's accompanied by a positive feeling Primacy - Answers Things you learn first are always stuck in your head so make sure students learn the right thing on the first try Intensity - Answers Students will have a stronger learning experience if it's exciting Recency - Answers You do better at things you learned recently 3 domains of learning - Answers Cognitive- thinking Affective- feeling Psychomotor- doing Characteristic of learning [4] - Answers Results from experience Active process Multifaceted (many different areas) Purposeful 3 different methods of learning - Answers Visual, auditory, and kinesthetic 3 stages of knowledge acquisition - Answers Cognitive (reading assigned homework) Associative (associating the hw with the real flight) Automatic response stage (recalling developed muscle memory) How can you lead students through a learning plateau? [2] - Answers Reassure that the plateau is normal Let the students do maneuvers they're good at to boost their confidence again 3 types of practice - Answers Deliberate Blocked (doing only one thing; e.g. practicing landings) Random (better for long-term) Overlearning - Answers When some things (e.g. takeoff briefing, preflight check) become a muscle memory, it can be bad How distraction leads to accidents [4] - Answers Distraction - Interruption - Fixation - Inattention Slip vs mistake - Answers Slip- plans to do one thing but does another Mistake- already planned to do the wrong thing and do it How to commit things to memory [4] - Answers Repetition, association, using senses, memory aids Positive vs. negative transfer of learning - Answers Positive- information A aids in the learning of information B, but negative - information A hinders the learning of information B Requirements to be a teacher [3] - Answers - Complete some type of formal training - Certified for validated - Adheres to a set of standards What makes a good instructor? [2] - Answers Sustain intellectual cruosity Promote how to learn independently 4 essential teaching skills - Answers Management skills Assessment skills People skills Subject matter expertise CFIs should ensure that students are... [3] - Answers - Safe - Responsible (some students are not mature enough to be a pilot yet) - Proficient Curriculum - Answers Series of studies/courses to achieve a greater goal Course of training - Answers Complete series of studies leading to attainment of a specific goal Training course outline - Answers Contents of course Contains objectives, description of teaching aids, assessment criteria, and desired outcome Syllabus, and what does it contain [3]? - Answers Summary/outline of course, and contains description of each lesson, objectives, and completion standards Syllabus is contained within... - Answers The TCO 4 steps in the teaching process - Answers Preparation Presentation Application Review/Evaluation 2 types of objectives - Answers Performance based Decision based Performance based objectives - Answers Measurable standards that describe the desired performance Contains the description of skill, conditions, and criteria What does performance based objectives contain? - Answers Description of skill, conditions, and criteria What does performance based objectives provide? - Answers Performance level required to go on to the next stage Description of skill = - Answers Desired outcome of the lesson E.g. Conduct a cross-country flight Conditions - Answers Rules under which the behavior is demonstrated E.g. using only a sectional, e6b, and plotter Criteria - Answers Standards that measure the accomplishment of the objective E.g. when the student can arrive at the destination within 10 minutes