California CSST Exam (Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) Review | Verified Questions & Answers | 100% correct Elaborations

California CSST Exam (Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) Review | Verified Questions & Answers | 100% correct Elaborations California CSST Exam Actual Exam 2026 / 2027 Academic Year Q: Why was asbestos added to construction materials? Answer It was a great insulator and binder. It added strength and durability against weathering and use. It was non-corrosive, did not conduct electricity, and made spray-on products easier to apply. Q: What are the two classes of asbestos and their associated types? Answer The two classes of asbestos are Serpentine and Amphiboles. Serpentine consists of one type: Chrysotile. Amphiboles consists of five types: Amosite, Crocidolite, Anthophyllite, Tremolite, Actinolite. Q: Of the different types of Amphiboles, which types were most commonly used commercially? Answer Amosite and Crocidolite Q: What is the predominant color and structure of Chrysotile asbestos ? Answer white, long, curly, hollow Q: What is the predominant color and structure of Amosite asbestos ? Answer brown / tan ; long and straight Q: What is the predominant color and structure of Crocidolite ? Answer blue ; long and straight Q: What is the definition of a Surfacing Material? Answer means material that is sprayed-on, troweled-on, or otherwise applied to surfaces, such as acoustical plaster on ceilings and fireproofing materials on structural members, or other materials on surfaces for acoustical, fireproofing, or other purposes. Q: What is the definition of Thermal Systems Insulation (TSI)? Answer means material applied to pipes, fittings, boilers, breeching, tanks, ducts, or other interior structural components to prevent heat loss or gain, or water condensation, or for other purposes. Q: What is the definition of a Miscellaneous Material? Answer means interior building material that is not surfacing material or thermal system insulation. Q: What is the definition of Friable? Answer means that material, when dry, may be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure, and includes previously nonfriable materials after such previously nonfriable material becomes damaged to the extent that when dry it may be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure. Q: What is the primary type of asbestos used in the U.S ? Answer Chrysotile. Q: List three building materials / locations where ACM is likely to be found Answer There are over 3000 building products that may contain asbestos. A limited list of examples are: taping mud, flooring mastics/adhesives, popcorn ceilings, fireproofing, vinyl floor tiles, sheet flooring backing, transite, fire doors, fume hoods, felt under roofs or siding, kiln bricks and cement, lab equipment, fire safety equipment, auditorium curtains, gaskets, vibration joints, HVAC duct tape, and many many more. Q: What are the 3 major diseases related to asbestos exposures ? Answer Asbestosis, Lung Cancer, Mesothelioma. Q: What is a latency period ? What is the latency period for asbestos related illnesses ? Answer The time between exposure to asbestos and the time symptoms appear. 10-40 years. Q: What asbestos-related disease normally appears only after prolonged, heavy, occupational exposure to asbestos ? Answer Asbestosis Q: What asbestos related disease primarily affects those exposed to asbestos who smoke cigarettes? Answer Lung cancer. There is a synergistic effect that increases the workers chances of getting lung cancer over 50 times. Q: Who must participate in a medical surveillance program? Answer 8 CCR1529 (m) (1). A. The employer shall institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who, for a combined total of 30 or more days per year, are engaged in Class I, II, and III work or are exposed at or above the permissible exposure limit. For purposes of this paragraph, any day in which a worker engages in Class II or Class III operations or a combination thereof on intact material for one hour or less (taking into account the entire time spent on the removal operation, including cleanup) and, while doing so, adheres fully to the work practices specified in this standard, shall not be counted. B. For employees otherwise required by this standard to wear a negative pressure respirator, employers shall ensure employees are physically able to perform the work and use the equipment. This determination shall be made under the supervision of a physician. Q: When are asbestos medical surveillance physical exams required ? Answer 1. Prior to assignment of the employee to an area where negative- pressure respirators are worn; 2. When the employee is assigned to an area where exposure to asbestos may be at or above the permissible exposure limit for 30 or more days per year, or engage in Class I, II or III work for a combined total of 30 or more days per year, a medical examination must be given within 10 working days following the thirtieth day of exposure; 3. And at least annually thereafter. 4. If the examining physician determines that any of the examinations should be provided more frequently than specified, the employer shall provide such examinations to affected employees at the frequencies specified by the physician. 5. Exception: No medical examination is required of any employee if adequate records show that the employee has been examined in accordance with this subsection within the past 1 year period. 6. Employers shall provide a medical examination at the termination of employment for any employee who has been exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos at or above the permissible exposure limit and/or excursion limit. The medical examination shall be given within 30 calendar days before or after the date of termination of employment. Q: What should be performed at an asbestos medical surveillance exam ? Answer 1. A medical and work history with special emphasis directed to the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems. 2. On initial examination, the standardized questionnaire contained in Part 1 of Appendix D in 8 CCR 1529, and, on annual examination, the abbreviated standardized questionnaire contained in Part 2 in 8 CCR 1529. 3. A physical examination directed to the pulmonary and gastrointestinal systems, including a chest roentgenogram to be administered in accordance with Table 2 [8 CCR 1529 (m) (2)(B)3], and pulmonary function tests of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV(1)). Interpretation and classification of chest roentgenograms shall be conducted in accordance with Appendix E in 8 CCR 1529 4. Any other examinations or tests deemed necessary by the examining physician. Q: According to CalOSHA how often should you have a chest roentgenogram (X-ray) Answer Years since first occupational exposure: 0-10 years - Once every three years if under 40 years old. Annually if 40 years old or over. 10+ years - Annually Q: Is there a safe level of asbestos exposure ? Answer No Q: What are the 7 major components of the AHERA regulation? Originally, to whom did they apply? Answer inspection and reinspection requirements, sampling and inspection procedures, lab approval process, accredited and non accredited training programs, clearance air testing, management plan requirements, notification requirements. Originally applied to K through 12 schools. How many days is the required accredited training for a Building Inspector , Management Answer Planner , Project Supervisor, Abatement Worker , Project Designer ? Building Inspector - 3 days Management Planner - 2 days Contractor Supervisor - 5 days Abatement Worker - 4 days Project Designer - 3 days When is unaccredited in-house training acceptable ? Answer Class III (16 hours), Class IV (minimum 2 hours), and asbestos awareness trainings. What regulation and agency requires an asbestos inspection be done prior to renovations and Answer demolitions and requires removal of friable ACM prior to demolition ? National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) enforced by the EPA and it's delegated Air Quality Management Districts. CalOSHA also requires inspections for worker safety. What are the 3 categories of materials identified in a NESHAP building inspection ? Answer Friable Materials , Category 1 non friable, and Category 2 Non Friable What is a friable asbestos material according to NESHAP? Any material containing more than 1 percent asbestos as determined using the PLM method, that, when dry, can be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure. What does NESHAP stand for? National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants What is a Category 1 nonfriable ACM, and Category 2 nonfriable ACM according to NESHAP? Category 1 nonfriable asbestos-containing material means asbestos-containing packings, gaskets, resilient floor coverings, and asphalt roofing products containing more than 1 percent asbestos as determined by PLM. Category 2 nonfriable ACM means any material, excluding Category 1 nonfriable ACM, containing more than 1 percent asbestos as determined by PLM. What is RACM? Regulated asbestos containing material (RACM) means (a) Friable asbestos material (b) Category 1 nonfriable ACM that has become friable, (c) Category 1 nonfriable ACM that will be or has been subjected to sanding, grinding, cutting or abrading, or (D) Category 2 nonfriable ACM that has a high probability of becoming or has become crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by the forces expected to act on the material in the course of demolition or renovation operations regulated by the NESHAP. Is a NESHAP notification required for demolition of a facility even if no asbestos was found during the inspection? Yes When is a FED EPA (NESHAP) notification required for asbestos abatement ? On renovation projects involving more than 160 square feet, 260 linear feet or 35 cubic feet of RACM. EXCEPTION: Local air quality management districts may have rules that supercede this requirement (i.e. Bay Area Air Quality Management District requires notification for greater than 100 square or linear feet of ACM) How many days prior notice is required for NESHAP notification of RACM removal? 10 working days According to NESHAP, what does 'adequately wet' mean? Means sufficiently mix or penetrate with liquid to prevent the release of particulates. if visible emissions are observed coming from the asbestos-containing material, then that material has not been adequately wetted. However, the absence of visible emissions is not sufficient evidence of being adequately wet. Is NESHAP notification required for the demolition of a single family residence? No. NESHAP applies to 'facilities'. A facility means any institutional, commercial, public, or industrial building, but does not include residential buildings that have four or fewer dwelling units. EXCEPTION: Local air quality management districts may have rules that supercede this requirement (i.e. Bay Area Air Quality Management District does not have a residential exemption in their rule) According to NESHAP, what is the definition of 'demolition'? means the wrecking or taking out of any load-supporting structural member of a facility together with any related handling operations or the intentional burning of any facility. (So, demolition doesn't necessarily mean a building is coming down. It could just be a load-bearing wall inside a building. The removal of a non-load bearing wall inside a facility would not be demolition, according to the regulation.) Is NESHAP notification required for the manual removal of asbestos-containing mastic? No. Is NESHAP notification required for the mechanical removal of more than 160 square feet of asbestos-containing mastic? Yes. Removal of otherwise nonfriable ACM by mechanical means will render it friable. Therefore, it is RACM and the AQMD must be notified prior to removal. What is the federal OSHA regulation that regulates asbestos exposure for construction? 29 CFR 1926.1101 What types of work are included in OSHA's 29 CFR 1926.1101 demolition, salvage, removal, encapsulation of ACM, construction, alteration of ACM or construction, alteration, repair, maintenance, renovation, or clean up of debris. What does PEL stand for? What is the PEL for asbestos? What is an EL? What is the EL for asbestos? Permissible Exposure Limit. 0.1 f/cc for an 8 hour time weighted average (TWA). Excursion Limit 1.0 f/cc over 30 minutes at peak exposure time. What does f/cc mean? Fibers per cubic centimeter What does PACM stand for? What materials are PACM ? Presumed Asbestos Containing Materials. PACM means thermal system insulation and surfacing material found in buildings constructed no later than 1980. What are the four classes of work defined by Cal OSHA 29 CFR 1926.1101 Class 1 , Class 2 , Class 3, and Class 4 Define Class 1 from 29 CFR 1926.1101 means activities involving the removal of TSI and surfacing ACM and PACM. (in amounts greater than 1 glove bag) Define Class 2 from 29 CFR 1926.1101 means activities involving the removal of ACM which is not TSI or surfacing material. This includes, but is not limited to, the removal of asbestos-containing wallboard, floor tile and sheeting, roofing and siding shingles, and construction mastics. (in amounts greater than 1 glove bag) Define Class 3 from 29 CFR 1926.1101 means repair and maintenance operations, where "ACM", including TSI and surfacing material is likely to be disturbed. (in amounts no greater than 1 standard sized [60" x 60"] glove bag) Define Class 4 from 29 CFR 1926.1101 means maintenance and custodial activities during which employees contact ACM and PACM and activities to clean up waste and debris containing ACM and PACM. What engineering controls are always required regardless of the class of work? 1. Vacuum cleaners equipped with HEPA filters (except for some roof jobs) 2. Wet methods (except where not feasible) 3. Prompt clean up In addition to the engineering controls required regardless of the class of work, what control methods are required to achieve compliance with the PEL and EL? 1. Local exhaust ventilation with HEPA filter 2. Enclosure or isolation of removal processes 3. Ventilation of the regulated area to move contaminated air away from the breathing zone of employees and toward a filtration device equipped with a HEPA filter 4. Use of other work practices and engineering controls that the Assistant Secretary (OSHA) can show to be feasible 5. If control methods are insufficient to reduce employee exposure to or below the PEL and/or EL the employer shall use them to reduce the levels as low as possible and supplement with greater respiratory protection. What work practice and engineering controls for the removal of ACM or PACM are prohibited? 1. High speed abrasive saws without a point of cut ventilator or enclosures with HEPA filtered exhaust air. 2. Compressed air used to remove asbestos unless used in conjunction with an enclosed ventilation system designed to capture ACM dust. 3. Dry sweeping, shoveling, or other dry clean up of ACM/PACM dust/debris. 4. Employee rotation as a means of reducing employee exposure to asbestos. What controls methods are required for a Class I Negative Pressure Enclosure (NPE)? 1. NPE may be of any configuration 2. Must have at least 4 air changes an hour 3. A minimum of -0.02 column inches of water pressure differential 4. Must be kept under negative pressure the entire time it's in use 5. Air movement shall be directed away from employees performing the asbestos work and towards a filtration device with HEPA filters. A contractor is going to remove floor tile and mastic from a large single room. The dimensions of the room is 50' wide, 100' long, and 20' high. They intend to use negative air machines that can pull 2000 cubic feet per minute (cfm). What is the quantity of floor tile and mastic to be removed? What is the volume of air in the room? How many negative air machines will they need to use to get a minimum of 4 air changes per hour (ACH)? They are removing 5,000 square feet of floor tile and 5,000 square feet of floor tile mastic. There is 100,000 cubic feet of air in the room. Assuming there is good air circulation in the room and the negative air machines really are pulling 2000 cfm, they will need a minimum of 4 negative air machines to get 4 air changes an hour. Is the removal of TSI with a glovebag a one man job? No. It requires two workers for Class I abatement using glovebags. Are Class II asbestos abatement projects required to be performed under negative pressure according to CalOSHA? No. When can a contractor cease air monitoring ? If the periodic monitoring required by subsection (f)(3) of 8 CCR 1529 reveals that employee exposures, as indicated by statistically reliable measurements, are below the permissible exposure limit and excursion limit the employer may discontinue monitoring for those employees whose exposures are represented by such monitoring. True/False. A contractor can cease personal air sampling for class 1 and 2 work with a negative exposure assessment? True At what level of exposure does CalOSHA regulate exposure to asbestos? Any level of asbestos exposure is regulated by CalOSHA. What is the definition of an Asbestos Containing Construction Material in California? Means any manufactured construction material which contains more than 0.1% asbestos by weight. What is a CIH? A Certified Industrial Hygienist means one that is certified in the practice of industrial hygiene by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene (ABIH). What is the 4:1 rule for ladders? For every four feet of height you must climb on the ladder move the base one foot away from the wall. Are shorts appropriate on a job site? No they are not, unless they are used under disposable protective clothing. What is typical PPE required on a construction site? High visibility safety vest, hard hat, safety glasses, steel toe boots, full length pants, appropriate hearing protection, possibly a long sleeve shirt or jacket, heavy duty work gloves and/or nitrile gloves Is asbestos always disposed of as Hazardous Waste? No. Non-friable ACM waste is considered non-hazardous asbestos waste. Friable ACM waste is considered a non-RCRA hazardous waste in California. If a friable material contains 0.5% asbestos by weight, confirmed by point count, does it have to be disposed of as a non-RCRA hazardous waste? No. It is not considered an asbestos-containing material by NESHAP or DTSC so it can be disposed of as general construction waste. Since CalOSHA regulates any exposure to asbestos CalOSHA regulations will still apply. Describe the implications of simply following regulations versus maintaining state of the art practices Liability may be based on state of the art practices. What are the three different kinds of liability contractors and consultants should be concerned with? Criminal Liability - arises from a violation of a statute (such as NESHAP). Statutes impose criminal punishments for disobeying. Regulatory Liability - imposed through the operations of governmental regulatory agencies. Penalties can be loss of certifications to monetary penalties (such as OSHA or EPA) Civil Liability - arises out of controversies between private parties and is imposed through lawsuits. These are rules derived from written opinion from judges. This is most likely to arise under either contract or tort. What is the difference between contract and tort liability? Contract Liability refers to not fulfilling the terms of a previously-agreed upon contract. Tort Liability refers to a civil wrong for which the law provides a remedy of money damages. This is often due to negligence. A complainant must show injury or damage caused by someone else's breach of duty or rule of conduct. Identify the most likely parties to a legal action against a contractor building owners, building occupants, other 3rd parties Describe the difference between claims-made insurance and occurrence-based insurance ? Claims made - Claims can be made only during the policy period for something that occurred during the policy period. Occurrence - insures occurrences that take place during the policy period regardless of when the claim is filed. A claim can be filed at any time during, or after, the policy period as long as the occurrence took place during the policy period. What are the types of insurance a building owner would want an asbestos contractor to possess before being allowed to work in the building ? Workers compensation, comprehensive general liability, and errors and omissions. Why is a systems approach to building inspection favorable over a component system? Knowing the types of systems in a building will allow you to anticipate where components are located even when they are hidden, and to determine homogeneous areas related to systems. A component approach is limited to counting what you seen in an individual space. Why is a fire rating of a building/building material important to an inspector ? fire rating may indicate the use of suspect ACM (e.g. fire-rated doors). Can altering fire proofing in buildings affect insurance and fire proofing of buildings ? YES, adding encapsulant or removing fire proofing can greatly reduce the flame retardant nature of fire proofing. What is an architectural drawing ? Shows finished surfaces and materials of a building. What is on a structural drawing ? Includes the foundation, floor, framing, roof framing, ceiling construction, etc What is on a mechanical drawing ? Includes mainly the HVAC system. This can include water pipe systems used for heating and cooling air systems. What is on a plumbing drawing ? Includes plumbing details for non-mechanical purposes. This will include both fresh water purposes and disposal/sewer purposes. What is on an electrical drawing ? A floor plan with power utility and lighting details. Where in a building would asbestos fireproofing most likely be ? On unenclosed steel beams, columns and decking most often found in multistory buildings. Fireproofing on decking may be overspray. Overspray may also be present on the tops of ceilings or in walls, or even inside ductwork or wall cavities. Name at least 3 types of asbestos surveys AHERA school, renovation activities, purchase / sale of property, regulatory compliance, prior to demolition, destructive vs non destructive. Do you need to re-sample materials that had been previously sampled by a non-accredited individual ? Yes, unless an accredited inspector signs and dates a statement that declares the previous samples were sampled within compliance of AHERA. This is probably unlikely. What components are included in an AHERA inspection? For each area of a school building (with some exceptions), each person performing an inspection shall: 1. Visually inspect the area to identify the locations of all suspected ACBM. 2. Touch all suspected ACBM to determine whether they are friable 3. Identify all homogeneous areas of friable suspected ACBM and all homogeneous areas of nonfriable suspected ACBM. 4. Assume that some or all of the homogeneous areas are ACM, and, for each homogeneous area that is not assumed to be ACM, collect and submit for analysis bulk samples. 5. Assess friable material in areas where samples are collected, friable material in areas that are assumed to be ACBM, and friable ACBM identified during a previous inspection. 6. Record the all the information in a report and submit to the client. According to AHERA, what information is required to be reported to the representative of the local education agency within 30 days of an inspection? 1. Inspection report with the date of the inspection signed by each accredtied person maing the inspectin, state of accreditation, and if applicable, his/her accreditation number. 2.An inventory of the locations of the homogeneous areas where samples are collected, exact locations, dates, and areas of assumed ACMs. 3. Methodology for collection of the samples 4. List of materials and their type (TSI, surfacing or misc.) 5. Assessments of friable materials What is the difference between an inspection and an assessment An inspection involves identifying suspect asbestos containing materials and homogeneous areas, touching materials, and possibly collecting samples. An assessment involves assessing the damage and/or potential for damage of the material and placing it in one of 7 damage categories What are the 7 damage categories under AHERA? 1. Damaged or significantly damaged TSI ACM 2. Damaged friable surfacing ACM 3. Significantly damaged friable surfacing ACM 4. Damaged or significantly damaged friable miscellaneous ACM 5. ACBM with potential for damage 6. ACBM with potential for significant damage 7. Any remaining friable ACBM or friable suspected ACBM. What is Adhesion means adhered to the substrate or insulated component What is Cohesion means material with structural integrity What is the difference between 'damaged' and 'significantly damaged'? A material is 'significantly damaged' if damage is localized in amounts more than 25% of the area or distributed over 10% of the area. 'Damaged' is less than that. Define Severity means whether the damage is superficial or deep. Superficial might include water stains, flaking, blistering, abrasions or scratches. Deep might include major separation of layers gouges, water damage, punctures, tears, etc. What is the difference between periodic and episodic damage ? Periodic damage is recurring or continuous. For example, periodic damage results from the abrasion of TSI when a worker steps on it daily to read a gauge. Or, it might result from a continual (though sporadic) water leak onto or from TSI covered pipe. Episodic damage is a one time occurrence, an accident/incident that is unlikely to occur again. For example, episodic damage results from a pipe or valve bursting, or a plumber disregarding safe work practices, etc. What is a damaged material by AHERA ? Essentially a material that has lost it's cohesion or adhesion properties What is a significantly damaged material by AHERA ? Damaged ACBM where the damage is extensive AND severe. What is potential damage by AHERA ? 1. Friable ACBM is in an area regularly used by building occupants, including maintenance personnel, in the course of their normal activities, and; 2. There are indications that there is a reasonable likelihood that the material or its covering will become damaged, deteriorated, or delaminated due to factors such as changes in building use, changes in O&M practices, changes in occupancy or recurrent damage. What is potential significant damage by AHERA ? 1. Friable ACBM is in an area regularly used by building occupants, including maintenance personnel, in the course of their normal activities, and; 2. There are indications that there is a reasonable likelihood that the material or its covering will become significantly damaged, deteriorated, or delaminated due to factors such as changes in building use, changes in O&M practices, changes in occupancy or recurrent damage, or; 3. The material is subject to major or continuing disturbance, due to factors including, but not limited to accessibility or, under certain circumstances, vibration or air erosion. Name the different types of response actions in AHERA. Removal Encapsulation Enclosure Repair Manage (Operations and Maintenance program) What are the major differences between 8 CCR 1529 and 29 CFR 1926.1101 8 CCR 1529 is the state (CalOSHA) regulation and 29 CFR 1926.1101 is the federal (OSHA) regulation. 8 CCR 1529 requires written report of use, contractor registration for over 100 sq. feet of removal per year, notification for temporary work sites, consultant / technician licensing and Carcinogen report of use requirements found in 8 CCR 5203. What is Accessible by AHERA ? Material is subject to disturbance by building occupants or custodial or maintenance personnel in the course of their normal activities. What is Exposed by AHERA ? Material that is not concealed from view by any kind of barrier, such as a drop ceiling, a radiator housing, or a metal jacket What is Functional Space by AHERA ? A room, group of rooms, or homogeneous area (including crawl spaces or the space between a dropped ceiling and the floor or decking above), such as a classroom(s), a cafeteria, gymnasium, hallway(s), designated by a person accredited to prepare management plans, design abatement projects, or conduct response actions. How do you decide whether damaged material should be assessed as "damaged" or "significantly damaged?" Consider the type of damage, severity of damage and extent of the damage. Is the damage over 10% distributed or 25% localized? How do you decide whether a material is assessed as potential damage or potential significant damage? Is the material already damaged? (In general, potential significant damage is used for materials that are already damaged). Is the expected damage going to be significant or minor? Is there a change in building use that will create a potential for damage? Is there continuing major disturbance? The fifth floor of an office building has 10 identical offices (5 on each side of a common hallway) used by clerical and administrative staff. There is a drop ceiling, and an open air-plenum (above ceiling space) with sprayed fireproofing over the entire floor. Near the end of the hall is an unlocked mechanical/electrical room. Next to it is a closet where custodial supplies are kept. Across the hall are men and women's restrooms. At each end of the hall are stairways with exposed fire proofing on the ceiling and insulated pipe risers. If you were only inspecting this floor, what functional spaces would you divide it into and why? Functional spaces: All 10 offices (similar occupants and functions), Hallway (though could easily be grouped with offices) (similar occupants and function), Mechanical room (limited function and limited occupant access), Custodial closet (limited functions and occupant access), Restrooms, Stairways, and Plenum Name at least 5 items that an inspector should have on hand when planning to take samples. Leakproof sampling containers, spray mister bottle with amended water, drop cloths, knife/cutter/borer/drill or other sampling tool, caulking, pen and labels, ladder, flashlight, tape, cloths/rags/paper towels for spill cleanup, HEPA vacuum, camera, respirator, protective clothing Briefly define what is meant by a homogeneous sampling area. It is an area of material that is uniform in color and texture and you believe is all the same. (Besides color and texture, most inspectors also add to the definition "and believed to be installed at the same time or during the same construction period.") It is easier to think in terms of a homogeneous sampling material (rather than area). This helps us identify which materials need to be sampled and how often. The same material may be found in many functional spaces. Sprayed acoustic ceiling material may be homogeneous throughout an entire building (or it may not be!) Floor tile is used throughout a building. How do you determine the number of homogeneous materials to sample? Is it all the same size, color, pattern? If not, how many different types are there? Have there been renovations that might include new flooring? (The color of floor tile indicates a separately manufactured material. Most inspectors use "color" as part of the homogenous material decision-making process only if the color is added during the manufacturing process, not simply painted on. For example, plaster with the same texture that was thought to have been applied during the same construction period would be homogenous regardless of the color of the paint applied to its surface.) What is s/mm2? structures per square millimeter When is an action to remove, encapsulate, or enclose ACBM considered complete for AHERA? When the work area passes visual inspection, and the average of 5 air samples collected aggressively within the functional space and analyzed by TEM is not statistically different (Z-test calculation) from the average asbestos concentration of 5 air samples collected at the same time from outside the functional space and the average of 3 field blanks is below the filter background level of 70 s/mm2, or when all 5 air samples within the functional space have 1,199 liters volume (25 mm cassette) or 2,799 liters volume (37 mm cassette) and the average of the 5 samples is below 70 s/mm2. When can air samples be analyzed by PCM for an AHERA clearance? What is the clearance level? When the work is greater than a small-scale, short duration, but less than or equal to 160 square feet or 260 linear feet. The clearance level is when the concentration of fibers on all 5 samples is less than or equal to 0.01 f/cc. What volume of air is required for an AHERA clearance? Equal to or greater than 1,199 liters for a 25 mm cassette or equal to or greater than 2,799 liters for a 37 mm cassette. AHERA determines the minimum number of samples of surfacing material that must be collected in a statistically random manner to determine it does not contain asbestos based on square footage. What are they? For less than 1000 sq. ft. collect a minimum of 3 Between 1000 and 5000 sq. ft. collect a min. of 5 For greater than 5000 sq. ft. collect a min. of 7 How many samples does AHERA recommend collecting for a surfacing material? 9 How many samples does AHERA determine must be collected for TSI in a randomly distributed manner? 1. An accredited inspector shall collect a minimum of three bulk samples from each homogeneous area; 2. collect at least one bulk sample from homogeneous area of patched TSI that is less than six linear or square feet, and 3. In a manner sufficient to determine where cement or plaster is used for fittings such as tees, elbows, or valves. According to AHERA, are bulk samples required to be collected of TSI that appears to be fiberglass, foam glass, rubber, or other non-ACBM? No, as long as an accredited inspector has made the determination that they are non-ACBM. How many samples does AHERA determine must be collected for miscellaneous materials? In a manner sufficient to determine whether material is ACM or not ACM, an accredited inspector shall collect bulk samples from each homogeneous area of material that is not assumed to be ACM. True/False. All AQMD's and APCD's have adopted AHERA's sampling protocols. False. Some AQMD's and APCD's have adopted different sampling rules than AHERA. Make sure you know the expectations of the district you are working in. How many samples of a 5 foot patched section of TSI should you collect? A minimum of one. How many samples for 1 pipe elbow should you collect? In a manner sufficient to determine, minimum of one. How many samples should you collect for 40 linear feet of TSI? A minimum of three How many samples should you collect for a 4 linear foot run of TSI? The regulation would suggest three as this is not necessarily a patch. At a minimum, how many samples should you collect of 3500 square feet of surfacing material? Five For 400 square feet of surfacing material, how many samples does AHERA recommend you collect? Nine (AHERA specified a minimum of three samples must be taken for less than 1000 square feet, but always recommends a minimum of nine regardless of quantity) According to AHERA, how many samples should you collect of 600 square feet of a miscellaneous material? In a manner sufficient to determine according to AHERA. What type of microscopy is used to analyze bulk asbestos samples? When might you use another method? Bulk samples must be analyzed by Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM). However, the extremely narrow/small fibers found in nonfriable materials such as floor tile or plaster may be missed by PLM. Utilizing TEM as a quality control may be advisable when working with these types of materials that you suspect may contain asbestos (such as 9" floor tile). What is "point counting?" Point counting is the name of an analytical counting technique used to make PLM results more accurate at asbestos concentrations below 10%, and especially near the important regulatory threshold of one percent. To put it simply, the analyst observes more area of the sample allowing a more accurate estimate on the quantity of asbestos. In PLM analysis, the amount of asbestos in a material is quantified by visual estimation. This is not reliable below 1% and the EPA states that any material under 10% should be point counted to determine if it is in fact an ACM or not. There are two point count methods commonly available, 400 and 1000. The number refers to the amount of points analyzed. The more the points the lower the limit of quantification. Are other microscope methods used for asbestos analysis? Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) is sometimes used to analyze bulk materials for asbestos, but it should only be used as a backup method to PLM. (It is too precise and may miss asbestos in a product.) TEM is sometimes used because the extremely narrow fibers found in nonfriable materials like floor tile may be missed by PLM, if the PLM analysis is not carefully done. For example, many consultants will not accept a PLM negative result for nine-inch floor tile, and have the tile reanalyzed by TEM before feeling comfortable telling the client the tile does not contain asbestos. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is also sometimes used for research purposes but is not commonly used for inspection purposes. When and why would protective clothing be required when doing an asbestos inspection? Protective clothing will keep bulk asbestos fibers off the inspector's skin and/or clothing. Therefore protective clothing helps protect the inspector and helps him/her keep from exposing family members or friends to asbestos fibers. Normal bulk sampling procedures should not create a fiber release requiring protective clothing. Generally, inspectors should have protective clothing available should they need to go into a heavily contaminated area where they are likely to create airborne fibers. For example, protective clothing may be appropriate in contaminated crawl spaces, tunnels, and even air plenums. An asbestos inspection is considered what class of work? Class III Who decides whether a respirator is OK for asbestos? What is a P-100 or HEPA cartridge? Are there restrictions on who can wear a respirator? NIOSH must approve respirators before they can be worn for respiratory protection purposes. NIOSH categorizes respirator cartridges based on their ability to filter and their resistance to damage by oil. For asbestos, you must use an N100, R100, or P100 respirator filter. These filters are also more commonly known as High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters. The P-100 series respirator will have a magenta color similar to historical HEPA respirator filters. Not everyone can wear a respirator. First, everyone who wears a respirator (any type of respirator) for compliance with OSHA must have a medical approval. (This is usually a component of medical surveillance but it can be a separate issue.) Various medical issues such as heart, lung, or skin problems may keep an individual from wearing a respirator. Tight fitting respirators can't be worn unless someone is clean-shaven. Glasses and facial scars/injuries may also interfere with a proper seal. What are the differences between P, N, and R filters? N, R, and P are NIOSH certification categories that apply to negative pressure air-purifying respirators and filter cartridges. N - No oil is present in the air (example: Nurses use N95) R - Oil is present, but only for a single shift or 8 hours of continuous or intermittent use. P - Oil is present, but follow the manufacturer's time use limitations if you want to re-use. What are the basic differences between negative pressure air purifying, PAPR, and supplied air respirators? Negative pressure air purifying: worker breathes room air filtered through HEPA filter. PAPR: room air is filtered through HEPA filter and small fan blows the air into the facepiece. Air Supplied: fresh air from outside the contaminated area is pumped into the workers facepiece through a hose. What grade air must be used with supplied air respirators? Grade D Air What is meant by "Protection Factor?" Protection factor (PF) is a numerical rating of respiratory effectiveness; it is the ratio of fibers in the air outside the respirator to the fibers inside the respirator. (PF=outside concentration divided by inside concentration) What is the PF for a Negative air Half Mask ? 10 What is the PF for a Negative air Full Face ? 50 What is the PF for a PAPR ? 1000 What is the PF for an air supplied continuous flow and pressure demand? 1000 Each time you put on a respirator, what should you do to insure it provides adequate protection? Insure that the respirator has an appropriate PF and inspect for tears, missing valves, etc. Do positive and negative pressure face seal checks. (Previously known as "fit-checks.") What is the PF for a pressure demand SCBA ? 10,000 What concentration of oxygen should be in compressed air used for respiration? 19.5% to 23.5% What are the basic fit-test methods? Qualitative Fit-Test: yes/no test --standard lists irritant smoke, banana oil, saccharin, and BitrexTM . Quantitative Fit-Test: quantifies effectiveness--uses room air dust for Portacount or a generated aerosol (sometimes known as DOP) for other equipment. Before an employee may be required to wear a negative or positive pressure tight fitting respirator, what must happen? The employee must get a fit test with the same make, model, style, and size respirator. The employee must be found to be medically qualified to wear a respirator by a licensed physician. They must also have training on the proper use and care of their respirator, limitations, and content of their employer's respiratory protection program. Which respirators must be fit-tested according to the asbestos standard and by which fit-test method (qualitative or quantitative)? All tight-fitting respirators must be fit-tested at the initial fitting and at least annually thereafter. Test PAPRs and positive pressure respirators in the negative pressure mode. Use either fit-test method. They maintain their OSHA assigned PF regardless of which method you use, even if quantitative testing measures a higher PF for a particular individual. Describe at least four components of a respiratory protection program. 1. Procedures for selecting respirators 2. Medical evaluations of employees required to wear respirators. 3. fit testing procedures for tight fitting respirators 4. Procedures for proper use 5. Procedures for cleaning, storing, and caring 6. Procedures to ensure adequate air quality, quantity, and flow of air for supplied air respirators. 7. Training of employees in the respiratory hazards they may potentially be exposed to. 8. Training of employees on the proper use and care of their respirators. 9. Procedures for regularly evaluating the effectiveness of the program. What factor most limits the degree of protection provided by a respirator? The fit of the face piece on the individual's face most determines the effectiveness of the respirator. Generally the more surface area covered, the better the fit. That is why a full-face respirator offers more protection than a half-face respirator. Remember that facial hair cannot interfere with the seal of the respirator on your face! According to 8 CCR 5144 your employer is required to establish and retain written records pertaining to what? Your medical evaluations, fit tests, and the respiratory protection program. What does the AHERA rule require regarding recordkeeping? (see section 763.94). a. Records maintained at central location and stored for 3 years past next reinspection (done every three years). b. Detailed record of any actions taken including: description of activity, location, methods, rational, dates, (contractor or disposal information if relevant), air sampling results, lab accreditation information, etc. c. Training records d. Periodic surveillance record including dates, personnel, results e. Cleaning record including name, date, methods f. O&M activity record g. Maintenance work regarding ACM h. Fiber release episodes Why are computers useful in asbestos recordkeeping? Volume of data continues to grow. Computers allow easier updating, access, duplication, sorting by various aspects such as damage category, building, location, etc. Not helpful if all ACBM is immediately removed or if reports include only a small amount of data. In brief, why are these records kept? Various regulations mandate records be kept. Legal liability protection depends on written records. Required notifications depend on sharing written records. Written records allow continuity during personnel changes. Management plans must describe exactly where in a building ACM materials are located. What are some methods commonly used in plans to denote material locations? Use drawings, blueprints, diagrams etc. or write description of exact location. What does AHERA require be included in a management plan? 1. A list of the name and address of each school building and whether it contains ACBM 2. Information on inspections/reinspections 3. Information on person designated to ensure the duties of the LEA are carried out. 4. Any recommendations made to the LEA 5. Detailed descriptions of preventive measures and response actions taken 6. Information on certifications/accreditations for contractor carrying out response actions 7. Detailed description of remaining ACBM in the building 8. Reinspection plans 9. Description of steps taken to notify staff, occupants of inspections, response actions, etc. 10. Evaluation of resources needed to carry out the requirements of the LEA 11. Consultant information What does 'challenge testing' mean? (Previously referred to as DOP testing) Measuring the effectiveness of the HEPA filter on a device, typically a negative air machine or vacuum. In AHERA, what are the management plan requirements for maintaining information on inspections? 1. Dates of the inspections 2. A blueprint, diagram, or written description of each school building that clearly identifies types, location, and quantity of ACBMs. 3. Copies of the bulk sample analysis. 4. Descriptions of response actions 5. Descriptions of assessments How effective are HEPA filters? They are capable of trapping and retaining at least 99.97% of all particles 0.3 microns in diameter or larger. According to NIOSH Method 7400, what is the definition of a fiber? Greater than five microns in length with a length to width ratio equal to or greater than 3:1. According to 40 CFR 763 what is the definition of an asbestos fiber? A structure greater than or equal to 0.5 microns in length with an aspect ratio of 5:1 or greater and having substantially parallel sides. What are the main differences between PCM and TEM analysis? PCM is quicker and cheaper, but cannot differentiate between asbestos fibers and non-asbestos fibers. TEM is more expensive, but has higher resolution and can discern between asbestos and other fibers. What is NIOSH Method 7402 used for? It is the method of re-analyzing samples by TEM that had been initially analyzed by NIOSH 7400. Results are reported in s/cc (structures per cubic centimeter). According to the California Business and Professions Code when can a contractor collect bulk samples, but not need to be a CAC or CSST to do it? When a contractor or registered asbestos abatement contractor takes no more than 12 bulk samples of suspected asbestos-containing material that is required to be removed, repaired, or disturbed as part of a construction project in a residential dwelling solely for any of the following purposes: 1. Bid preparation for asbestos abatement 2. Evaluating exposure to its own employees during construction or abatement; or 3. Determining for its own purposes of for the purpose of communicating whether or not a contract for asbestos abatement has been satisfactorily completed. According to the California Business and Professions Code no person may contract to provide professional health and safety services related to asbestos-containing material unless what? They must be a CAC or CSST working under the direction of a CAC that has been certified by DOSH. True/False. A CAC must have a minimum of a bachelor's degree. False Mary spends her day removing asbestos containing floor tile and has personal air samples collected during her work. After laboratory analysis of the samples her exposure is found to be the following: 3.5 hours in the morning - 0.2 f/cc 0.5 hour excursion sample before lunch - 0.5 f/cc 4 hours in the afternoon - 0.3 f/cc What is her 8 hour time weighted average? Was she exposed over the PEL? If she was wearing a half face respirator (with HEPA filter cartridges) was she adequately protected? The 8 hour time weighted average for Mary's exposure was 0.26 f/cc. She was over the OSHA PEL of 0.1 f/cc. She was wearing a half face respirator, which has a protection factor of 10, so her maximum use concentration was 1 f/cc. Therefore, she was adequately protected for her exposure. According to NESHAP what is a 'visible emission'? Means any emissions which are visually detectable without the aid of instruments, coming from RACM or asbestos-containing waste material. This does not include condensed, uncombined water vapor. What are the differences between Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)? Both are optical methods for the analysis of bulk samples for asbestos. PLM measures asbestos as a measurement of area and XRD is a measurement of weight. PLM is the preferred method for analysis. Title 8 CCR 5208 and 29 CFR 1910.1001 General Industry Plenum space An enclosed space used for airflow. Example: the area above a drop ceiling. Fibrosis Formation of scar tissue in the lungs Mesothelioma Cancer arising from mesothelial cells of the pleura caused by asbestos fibers Asbestosis Condition in the lungs from inhalation of asbestos fibers AHERA Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act Dose-response relationship with asbestos and cancer Correlation between exposure to asbestos and disease B-reader Interpret Chest X-rays Bridging encapsulation Forms a 'hard shell' or membrane over the surface Penetrating encapsulation Absorbed into the asbestos matrix and binds components together ACBM Asbestos Containing Building Material (interior and 1%) ACCM Asbestos Containing Construction Material (0.1%; greater than one-tenth of one percent by weight) ACCM must be verified by at least... 400 point count ACM Asbestos-containing material (1%) Non-friable asbestos waste require a DOT manifest False. Proper documentation is still required. How long does Asbestos stay in the air? 48-72 hours to settle. Theoretically, it could stay airborne indefinitely. Chrysotile White asbestos, commonly used in building materials Amosite asbestos Brown asbestos, used in cement sheets and pipe insulation Crocidolite asbestos Blue asbestos, commonly used to insulate steam engines Anthophyllite Asbestos Used in limited quantities for insulation products and construction materials Tremolite and actinolite Not used commercially but can be contaminants in asbestos NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health EPA recommends how many samples per friable material? 9 TEM Cartridges Transmission Electron Microscope 25mm 0.45μm + 5.0μm MCE filter Material PCM cartridges Phase Contrast Microscopy 25mm 0.8μm MCE filter Asbestos fibers Naturally occurring mineral NOA Naturally Occurring Asbestos Main route of exposure for asbestos Through inhalation Lung Cancer A cancer of the lung tissue Incidence rate of lung cancer among occupationally exposed workers who smoke 90 times greater Asbestos first used commercially in the US First major use of asbestos TSI (Thermal System Insulation) Latency period The time period from exposure to diagnosis of a disease Primary objective of AHERA Identify and safely manage asbestos in buildings Primary objective of NESHAP Control the generation and disposal of asbestos waste NESHAP National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants under the authority of Section 112 of the CAA, with asbestos being one of the first regulated pollutants OSHA asbestos regulations Require employers to protect employees performing asbestos-related work OSHA's current PEL for asbestos as TWA 0.1f/cc; one-tenth of a fiber per cubic centimeter AHERA requires TSI to be sampled Randomly with a minimum of 3 samples Buildings requiring an AHERA certified asbestos building inspector Housing greater than 4 units, public and commercial buildings, schools Certification labs need to analyze bulk and TEM asbestos samples NVLAP (National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program) Objectives of AHERA Asbestos Building Inspector Identify all ACBM and assess the condition of all friable and TSI ACBM Information in the Inspector's assessment report Current condition and potential for disturbance of friable and TSI ACBM Types of drawings used by Asbestos building inspector Architectural and Structural 3, 5, 7 rule applies to Friable surfacing material 3 - 5 - 7 rule Number of samples required per total square footage of friable ACM: 3 samples for 1,000 SF, 5 samples for 1,000-5,000 SF, 7 samples for 5,000 SF Number of samples required for a 2'x1' patch of boiler insulation 1; TSI patches less than 3 SF do not need random sampling Responsible for designating functional spaces in school Project Designer and Management Planner Fireproofing, Sprayed on 'popcorn' ceiling, and wall texture are considered Surfacing Material Homogenous area of fireproofing with 10% localized damage assessment Damaged Surfacing, Assessment Category 2 Determining potential for disturbance by Asbestos Building Inspector Material's potential for disturbance by physical contact, air erosion, and vibration Pipe chase, classroom, and plenum above a drop ceiling are considered Functional Spaces Determining friability by AHERA building Inspector By touch Regulatory definition of friability Tendency of a solid substance to break into smaller pieces under hand pressure AHERA's three classes of building materials TSI, Surfacing, and Miscellaneous Recommended quality assurance samples by EPA 1 per building or 1 per 20 samples, whichever is greater Bulk sampling classification by OSHA Class III O&M (Operations and Maintenance) Vibration boot, roofing material, and 9'x9' floor tile considered as Suspect Asbestos Containing Materials Bulk samples analyzed using microscopy method PLM (Polarized Light Microscopy) Limit of detection by X-Ray Diffusion (XRD) 1% Asbestos Building Inspector exempted from wearing a respirator Never Example of 'Significantly Damaged Surfacing' by AHERA Appropriate written assessment of ACM Placing a bollard near boiler with TSI to prevent damage is an example of Preventative measure Definition of preventative measure Action taken to reduce potential damage to ACBM Repair, Removal, encapsulation or enclosure considered as Response action Most appropriate response action by AHERA One that protects human health and the environment in the least burdensome manner Required response action to significantly damaged friable surfacing ACBM Immediately isolate the space and remove, enclose, or encapsulate the material School requiring an O&M Plan When k-12 school contains friable or assumed ACBM Components of an O&M program Cleaning schedule, training, surveillance records Acoustical ceiling texture in a band room considered hazardous due to Being friable sprayed-on material in an occupied space with frequent disturbances TSI Thermal System Insulation OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration PACM Presumed Asbestos Containing Materials SACM Suspect Asbestos-Containing Material NEA Negative Exposure Assessment NPE Negative Pressure Enclosure PPE Personal Protective Equipment HEPA High Efficiency Particulate Air RQ Reportable Quantity Fit Check Procedure to check the effectiveness of a respirator by covering the inhalation valves Vitrification Solidifying liquid waste into solid glass or ceramic logs Isoamyl Acetate Imparts taste Saccharin Imparts smell Bitrex An irritant substance Respirator Straps Should be worn under the hood Lockdown Sealing a surface with a liquid HVAC Components Include condenser coils, ducts, and chiller unit Cal-OSHA Registration Required for disturbing 100 SF or more of ACM Grade D Air Hose Length Maximum allowable length is 300 feet Confined Spaces Require a permit, have a single opening, and hazardous atmosphere AHERA TEM Clearance Samples 13 samples for final clearance Aggressive Air Sampling Described as artificially disturbing air in the work area AHERA TEM Clearance Volume Equal to or greater than 1,999 liters for 25mm filter AHERA TEM Clearance Level Average of 5 inside samples below 70 structures/mm2 NIOSH 7402 Refers to TEM analysis NIOSH 7400 Asbestos Counting A Rules Guidelines for counting asbestos fibers Full Face PAPR Protection Factor Protection factor of 1,000 Heat Stress Identification Includes clammy skin, profuse sweating, and dizziness Negative Air Machine (NAM) Machine used for creating negative air pressure RACM Regulated Asbestos-Containing Material AHERA School Reinspections Required every 3 years Category I Non-Friable ACM Asbestos-containing materials with specific characteristics Category II Non-Friable ACM Non-friable ACM not covered under Category I PEL for TWA Permissible Exposure Limit for 8-hour TWA is 0.1 f/cc ACWM Asbestos Containing Waste Material with =1% asbestos 30-Minute EL Excursion Limit of 1.0 f/cc for 30 minutes Federal OSHA Scaffolding Height 6 feet requires a fall arrest system ASHARA Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Reauthorization Act of 1990 NIOSH 7400 PCM Sampling Method Uses a 25mm MCE cassette with an electrically conductive 50mm extension cowl. Sampling rate ranges from 0.5 to 16 liters per minute. Recommended minimum air volume of 400L @ 0.1 fibers/cc. Involves two field blanks held open for 30 seconds. NIOSH 7400 'A' Counting Rules Utilizes a Walten-Beckette Graticule. Counts fibers that are 5um with a length to width ratio of 3:1 or longer. Count up to 100 fibers in a minimum of 20 fields, stopping at 100 fields. Range is 100-1300 fibers/mm2. Calibration done by phase-shift test slide with precision of 0.10-0.12. NIOSH 7400 Detection Limit 4.0 fibers per 100 fields or 5.5 fibers/mm2 NIOSH 7400 Air Sampling Ranges Recommended range is 400-2,400 for office environments NIOSH 7400 Precision Overall precision ranges from 0.115 to 0.13 NIOSH 7400 Reagents Uses Acetone and Triacetin as reagents. Dimethylformamide (DMF) can be an alternative to Acetone, while Euparal can substitute for Triacetin. PLM Polarized Light Microscopy - A visual estimation method with a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 1% +-3%. For less than one percent, assume 1%. 400-point count LOD is 0.25%, or TEM with gravimetric reduction. Cal-OSHA ACCM Material Determination Material is considered ACCM if it exceeds 0.1% by 1,000 point count, has a Limit of Detection of 0.1%, or by TEM. OSHA Asbestos Work Classifications Class I - TSI and Surfacing Material 10 SF or 25 LF; Class II - Miscellaneous Materials (not TSI); Class III - Repair and maintenance operations likely to disturb ACM including TSI and surfacing material; Class IV - O&M Competent Person Definition One capable of identifying hazards in the surroundings or working conditions and authorized to take corrective measures to eliminate them. Training Requirements for OSHA Asbestos Work Classifications Class I - 40hr Supervisor/32hr Worker; Class II - 40hr Supervisor/32hr Worker; Class III - 16hr O&M; Class IV - 2hr Awareness OSHA Class I Asbestos Work Requirements Include Negative Pressure Enclosure, Negative Air Machines, poly layers, decon procedures, and respirator protocols based on exposure assessment. OSHA Class II Asbestos Work Requirements Similar to Class I requirements but workers may not require respirators if NEA is established. AHERA Hazard Rankings Rankings from 1 to 7 indicating the potential for disturbance by ACM, with 7 requiring immediate action. AHERA Hazard Rankings Objective To prioritize response actions based on the condition of ACM. Errors and Omissions Liability Liability coverage for consultants. Tort Definition A wrongful act leading to civil legal liability, excluding contractual breaches. Title 8 CCR 1529 and 29 CFR 1926.1101 California and Federal Construction Standards respectively. Title 8 CCR 5144 and 29 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory Standards for California and Federal regulations. Title 8 CCR 5197 and 29 CFR 1910.1000 Hazardous Communication Standards for California and Federal regulations. 40 CFR 763 Subpart E The Asbestos Model Accreditation Plan. SSSD Definition Small-scale, short duration activities that cannot involve asbestos abatement.