NURS 7672 - Exam 2 Study Guide.

NURS 7672 - Exam 2 Study Guide/NURS 7672 - Exam 2 Study Guide. Endocrine (16 questions, 2 points each) Mechanisms of hormone transport and signal transduction Bloodstream: Most hormones are released by a gland, & travel in blood stream to reach target cell o Unbound (circulate as free, unbound molecules) Water soluble with cell surface receptors bc can’t cross cell membrane freely Exert effects thru intracellular second messengers (ex. cAMP) short half life (ie insulin 3-5min) Types: Peptide hormones and protein/amino acid based hormones o Bound (circulate as hormones attached to transport carriers) Lipid soluble, pass freely thru cell membrane Exert effects thru nuclear or cytoplasm receptors inside cell→ form hormone-receptor complex that travels to nucleus Types: steroid and thyroid hormones are carried by specific carrier proteins The more protein bound, the longer the half-life! Paracrine- between cell-cell, need cell surface receptors Autocrine- never released outside of cell, have autocrine effect on itself