Physics
MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION
1. The total length of path along which a body moves, is called the distance travelled by
it.
2. The shortest distance from the initial to the final position of the body is the magnitude
of displacement and its direction is from the initial position to the final position.
Distance Displacement
It is the length of the path travelled by an It is distance travelled by an object in a
object in a certain amount of time. specific direction in a certain amount of
time (shortest distance between the final
and initial position).
It is a scalar quantity. It is a vector quantity
Depends on the path followed by the Does not depend on the path followed by
object. the object.
Always positive Will be positive or negative depending on
the direction
More than or equal to the magnitude of Less than or equal to distance but never
displacement greater
May not be zero is displacement is zero but It is zero is distance is zero and can be zero
will not be zero is displacement is not zero even if distance is not zero
3. Speed of a body is the rate of change of distance with time.
4. Velocity of a body is the distance travelled per second by the body in a specified
direction.
Speed Velocity
The distance travelled per second by a The distance travelled per second by a
moving object is speed. moving object in a particular direction is
velocity.
It is scalar quantity It is vector quantity
It is always positive It can be positive or negative depending on
the direction
After moving in a circular path. The After moving in a circular path. The average
average speed is not zero speed is zero
Speed v = Distance S Velocity = Displacement
Time t Time
5. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with time.
6. When a body falls freely under gravity, the acceleration produced in the body due to
earth’s gravitational attraction is called acceleration due to gravity.
LAWS OF MOTION
, 1. A force is a physical cause which changes or tends to change either the size or
the shape or the state of rest or of motion of a body.
2. NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION – It states that if a body is in a state of rest, it
will remain in the sate of rest and if it is in the state of motion, it will remain in
the state of motion, it will remain moving in the same direction with the same
speed unless an external force is applied on it
3. The property of an object by virtue of which it tends to retain its state of rest or
motion, is called inertia.
4. Linear momentum of a body is the product of its mass and velocity
5. NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION – It states that the rate of change of
momentum of a body is directly proportional to the force applied on it and the
change in momentum takes place in the direction in which the force is applied
Δ P Δ ( mv )
6. F= =
Δt Δt
7. NEWTON’S THIRD LAW OF MOTION – It states that to every action, there is
always an equal and opposite reaction
8. The force of attraction between two particles because of their masses, is called
the gravitational force of attraction
9. Gravitation constant G is numerically equal to the magnitude of force of
attraction between two masses each of 1kg placed at a separation of 1m.
10. Value of G is 6.6 × 10-11 N m2/kg2
F=G m m
11. 1
2
2
Γ
GMm
12. F=
R2
13. The rate at which the velocity of a freely falling body increases, is called
acceleration due to gravity.
14.
g (acceleration due to gravity) G (Universal gravitational constant)
It can be defined as the acceleration It is defined as the gravitational force
produced in the motion of a freely falling between two objects of unit mass each
object due to gravitational force of Earth separated by a unit distance from each
other placed anywhere in space
Its value changes from place to place on Its value remains constant universally
the earth surface
Its S.I. unit is m/s2 Its S.I unit is N m2/kg2
It is a vector quantity It is a scalar quantity
15. The mass of a body is the quantity of matter it contains
16. The weight of a body is the force with which the earth attracts it
17.
Mass Weight
It is a measure of the quantity of It is the force with which the earth
MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION
1. The total length of path along which a body moves, is called the distance travelled by
it.
2. The shortest distance from the initial to the final position of the body is the magnitude
of displacement and its direction is from the initial position to the final position.
Distance Displacement
It is the length of the path travelled by an It is distance travelled by an object in a
object in a certain amount of time. specific direction in a certain amount of
time (shortest distance between the final
and initial position).
It is a scalar quantity. It is a vector quantity
Depends on the path followed by the Does not depend on the path followed by
object. the object.
Always positive Will be positive or negative depending on
the direction
More than or equal to the magnitude of Less than or equal to distance but never
displacement greater
May not be zero is displacement is zero but It is zero is distance is zero and can be zero
will not be zero is displacement is not zero even if distance is not zero
3. Speed of a body is the rate of change of distance with time.
4. Velocity of a body is the distance travelled per second by the body in a specified
direction.
Speed Velocity
The distance travelled per second by a The distance travelled per second by a
moving object is speed. moving object in a particular direction is
velocity.
It is scalar quantity It is vector quantity
It is always positive It can be positive or negative depending on
the direction
After moving in a circular path. The After moving in a circular path. The average
average speed is not zero speed is zero
Speed v = Distance S Velocity = Displacement
Time t Time
5. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with time.
6. When a body falls freely under gravity, the acceleration produced in the body due to
earth’s gravitational attraction is called acceleration due to gravity.
LAWS OF MOTION
, 1. A force is a physical cause which changes or tends to change either the size or
the shape or the state of rest or of motion of a body.
2. NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION – It states that if a body is in a state of rest, it
will remain in the sate of rest and if it is in the state of motion, it will remain in
the state of motion, it will remain moving in the same direction with the same
speed unless an external force is applied on it
3. The property of an object by virtue of which it tends to retain its state of rest or
motion, is called inertia.
4. Linear momentum of a body is the product of its mass and velocity
5. NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION – It states that the rate of change of
momentum of a body is directly proportional to the force applied on it and the
change in momentum takes place in the direction in which the force is applied
Δ P Δ ( mv )
6. F= =
Δt Δt
7. NEWTON’S THIRD LAW OF MOTION – It states that to every action, there is
always an equal and opposite reaction
8. The force of attraction between two particles because of their masses, is called
the gravitational force of attraction
9. Gravitation constant G is numerically equal to the magnitude of force of
attraction between two masses each of 1kg placed at a separation of 1m.
10. Value of G is 6.6 × 10-11 N m2/kg2
F=G m m
11. 1
2
2
Γ
GMm
12. F=
R2
13. The rate at which the velocity of a freely falling body increases, is called
acceleration due to gravity.
14.
g (acceleration due to gravity) G (Universal gravitational constant)
It can be defined as the acceleration It is defined as the gravitational force
produced in the motion of a freely falling between two objects of unit mass each
object due to gravitational force of Earth separated by a unit distance from each
other placed anywhere in space
Its value changes from place to place on Its value remains constant universally
the earth surface
Its S.I. unit is m/s2 Its S.I unit is N m2/kg2
It is a vector quantity It is a scalar quantity
15. The mass of a body is the quantity of matter it contains
16. The weight of a body is the force with which the earth attracts it
17.
Mass Weight
It is a measure of the quantity of It is the force with which the earth
