DUQUESNE BIO 112 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

DUQUESNE BIO 112 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 Cnidarian - Answers radial symmetry; jellyfish, anemones, corals Bilaterian - Answers animal with bilateral symmetry Protostome - Answers bilaterian where the blastopore (first opening formed as an embryo) becomes the mouth Deuterostome - Answers bilaterian where the blastopore becomes the anus, includes humans and other chordates Ecdysozoan - Answers includes arthropods, nematodes; those who shed their exoskeleton Lophotrochozoan - Answers monophyletic group, segmented worms, mollusks, Annelid - Answers cylindrical, segmented body with bilateral plan Mollusk - Answers monophyletic group; clams, snails, squid Gastropod - Answers group of mollusks consisting of snails and slugs Cephalopod - Answers monophyletic group of mollusks, includes squid, cuttlefish, octopus, that can sense the environment Bivalve - Answers group of mollusks (clams, oysters, mussels) two hard shells connected by a hinge Nematode - Answers roundworms, ecdysozoans Arthropod - Answers monophyletic group, includes insects and contains more than half of known animal species, have segmented bodies and jointed legs Insect - Answers most diverse group of the 4 arthropod groups Chelicerate - Answers one of the 4 main arthropod groups, includes spiders and scorpions Myriapod - Answers one of the 4 main arthropod groups, includes centipedes and millipedes, known for their MANY legs Crustacean - Answers one of the 4 main arthropod groups, includes lobsters, shrimp and crabs Chordate - Answers possesses a hollow dorsal nerve cord (notochord), pharyngeal slits, post-anal tail hemichordate - Answers marine deuterosomes echinoderm - Answers deuterosome with 5 part symmetry, like starfish or sea urchins pupa - Answers middle stage of metamorphosis in insects, going from larva to adult gastrula - Answers a layered structure formed when the inner cell mass cells of the blastocyst migrate and reorganize gastrulation - Answers blastoderm cells migrate inward, creating germ layers of cells ectoderm - Answers the outer germ layer which differentiates into epithelial cells, pigment cells, nerve cells, and cornea and lens cells of the eye endoderm - Answers the germ layer that differentiates into your inside cells, like digestive tract cells, lung cells, liver cells, pancreas cells, and gallbladder cells mesoderm - Answers the intermediate germ layer, makes up connective tissue, muscle cells, red blood cells, bone cells, etc diploblastic - Answers having a body derived from ectoderm and endoderm but no mesoderm triploblastic - Answers all 3 germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) blastopore - Answers the opening of the central cavity of an embryo in early development mantle - Answers soft covering/exterior membrane of mollusks dorsal nerve cord - Answers A nerve cord that develops in a location dorsal to the notochord; this embryonic feature is unique to chordates myotome - Answers In chordates, any one of a series of segments that organizes the body musculature. pharyngeal slit - Answers A vertical opening separated from other slits by stiff rods of protein in the pharynx of hemichordates. lobe finned fish - Answers the fish that tetrapods evolved from tetrapod - Answers A monophyletic group of animals whose last common ancestor had four limbs; this group includes amphibians, lizards, turtles, crocodilians, birds, and mammals (some tetrapods, like snakes, have lost their legs in the course of evolution) amphibian - Answers A monophyletic group of vertebrates, including frogs and salamanders, with an aquatic larval form with gills and an adult terrestrial form that usually has lungs swim bladder - Answers located in the body cavity and contains gas (usually oxygen) and functions as a hydrostatic organ, enabling the fish to maintain its depth without floating upward or sinking bone - Answers comprises the endoskeleton amniotic egg - Answers An egg that can exchange gases while retaining water, permitting amniotes to reproduce in dry terrestrial habitats that amphibian eggs cannot tolerate endotherm - Answers An animal that produces most of its own heat as by-products of metabolic reactions. Cambrian explosion - Answers A transition period in geologic time during which the body plans characteristic of most bilaterian phyla developed. Pre-Cambrian (Ediacaran) animals - Answers first metazoans (animals made up of more than one type of cell) that required atmospheric oxygen for their growth vascular plant - Answers A plant that produces both xylem and phloem bryophyte - Answers A paraphyletic group of nonvascular plants that includes the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. lycophyte - Answers A monophyletic major group of spore-dispersing vascular plants that are the sister group to all other vascular plants ferns and horsetails - Answers A monophyletic group of vascular plants that have leaves and disperse by spores. desiccation - Answers excessive water loss transpiration - Answers the loss of water vapor from leaves photorespiration - Answers A process in which rubisco acts as an oxygenase, resulting in a release of CO2 and a net loss of energy cuticle - Answers In leaves, a protective layer of a waxy substance secreted by epidermal cells that limits water loss; also, an exoskeleton that covers the bodies of invertebrates such as nematodes and arthropods. stoma - Answers Pores in the epidermis of a leaf that regulate the diffusion of gases between the interior of the leaf and the atmosphere. guard cells - Answers two cells surrounding the central pore of a stoma CAM - Answers crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) A mechanism in plants that helps balance carbon dioxide gain and water loss by capturing carbon dioxide into 4-carbon organic acids at night, when transpiration rates are low, and then using it to supply the Calvin cycle during the day while stomata remain closed. C3 plant - Answers A plant that does not use 4-carbon organic acids to supply the Calvin cycle with carbon dioxide. C4 plant - Answers A plant in which carbon dioxide is incorporated into 4-carbon organic acids that are then used to supply the Calvin cycle. phloem - Answers The vascular tissue that transports carbohydrates from leaves to the rest of the plant body. xylem - Answers Vascular tissue consisting of lignified conduits that transports water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves mycorrhizae - Answers Symbioses between roots and fungi that enhance nutrient uptake rhizosphere - Answers The soil layer that surrounds actively growing roots nitrogen fixation - Answers The process in which nitrogen gas (N2) is converted into ammonia (NH3), a form biologically useful to primary producers root nodule - Answers A structure, formed by dividing root cells, in which nitrogen-fixing bacteria live Haploid - Answers Describes a cell with one complete set of chromosomes (1n) diploid - Answers Describes a cell with two complete sets of chromosomes (2n) gamete - Answers A reproductive haploid cell; gametes fuse in pairs to form a diploid zygote. In many species, there are two types of gametes: eggs in females, sperm in males sperm - Answers The smaller, male gametes egg - Answers ovum (plural, ova) The larger, female gamete zygote - Answers The diploid cell formed by the fusion of two gametes gametophyte - Answers In alternation of generation, describes the haploid multicellular generation that gives rise to gametes sporophyte - Answers Describes the diploid multicellular generation in plants that produces spores spore - Answers A reproductive cell capable of growing into a new individual without fusion with another cell. pollen - Answers In seed plants, the multicellular male gametophyte surrounded by a sporopollenin-containing outer wall