ACVPM Infectious Diseases Latest 2026
Actual Questions and Verified Answers|
Graded A+
Why is an outbreak of FMD in England unique? - ANSWER✔✔-occurred
at a research facility (failure in sewage system)
Animal not affected by FMD importance - ANSWER✔✔ horses FMD
differential
FMD effects in adults - ANSWER✔✔not very lethal, loss in production
(dec. weight gain, dec. milk prod.), loss of international markets,
losses in eradication
What can be the effects of an FMD breakout in the US? - ANSWER✔✔
slaughter of 10% US cattle, sheep, swine, $27 billion in lost revenue,
possibility to never regain lost export market
Why is FMD so contagious? - ANSWER✔✔-takes about 10 FMD virions
to infect (which is not a lot)
FMD - how do animals become infected? - ANSWER✔✔-inhalation
(direct contact within herds is primary mechanism of spread) -
ingestion -reproduction
,FMD -most common method of spread between herds - ANSWER✔✔-
movement of infected animals* Also: -contaminated vehicles,
equipment, people, animal products
FMD survival in meat - ANSWER✔✔survives for a long time if pH is
above 6.2, survives in frozen LNs, bone marrow, viscera, survives in
well salted meats & non-pasteurized dairy products
Why is FMD virus so stable? - ANSWER✔✔-non-enveloped
How can the pH of meat be dropped to less than 6? - ANSWER✔✔-
hang meat @ 4C for 24 hrs
FMD -Which secretions, excretions, and tissues are contagious? -
ANSWER✔✔-all of them
FMD -What is the most common means of entry into an FMD-free
country? - ANSWER✔✔-Swill (uncooked garbage)
FMD -What is the most common means of spread once infection
enters a premise? - ANSWER✔✔-Aerosol
FMD -What influences rate of FMD spread? - ANSWER✔✔-Animal
density -Ventilation -etc.
Species roles in FMD spread - ANSWER✔✔-amplifying hosts -indicator
hosts -maintenance hosts
, Amplifying Hosts: species, why - ANSWER✔✔-Pigs, -produce the most
airborne FMD virus per day
What was the original reason for establishing the national poultry
improvement plan? - ANSWER✔✔ Eradicate Pullorm disease, caused
by Salmonella pullorm which caused upwards of 80% mortality in
baby poultry
What are some important determinants of vector borne disease
transmission? - ANSWER✔✔survival and reproduction/biting rate/
pathogen incubation rate
How is Malaria affected by climate? el nino? - ANSWER✔✔ Generally
increases in wetter/humid times of the year which could impact
disease rates with climate change
Five fold increase in years after el nino
Why do Flu viruses mutate so much? - ANSWER✔✔RNA virus, so poor
fidelity when replicating
Which influenza strains can be highly pathogenic? - ANSWER✔✔
H5/H7
Why does high path AI affect the meat of poultry but not low path? -
ANSWER✔✔High path cause viremia infecting all tissues, low path
typically onl affects respiratory +/- GI
Actual Questions and Verified Answers|
Graded A+
Why is an outbreak of FMD in England unique? - ANSWER✔✔-occurred
at a research facility (failure in sewage system)
Animal not affected by FMD importance - ANSWER✔✔ horses FMD
differential
FMD effects in adults - ANSWER✔✔not very lethal, loss in production
(dec. weight gain, dec. milk prod.), loss of international markets,
losses in eradication
What can be the effects of an FMD breakout in the US? - ANSWER✔✔
slaughter of 10% US cattle, sheep, swine, $27 billion in lost revenue,
possibility to never regain lost export market
Why is FMD so contagious? - ANSWER✔✔-takes about 10 FMD virions
to infect (which is not a lot)
FMD - how do animals become infected? - ANSWER✔✔-inhalation
(direct contact within herds is primary mechanism of spread) -
ingestion -reproduction
,FMD -most common method of spread between herds - ANSWER✔✔-
movement of infected animals* Also: -contaminated vehicles,
equipment, people, animal products
FMD survival in meat - ANSWER✔✔survives for a long time if pH is
above 6.2, survives in frozen LNs, bone marrow, viscera, survives in
well salted meats & non-pasteurized dairy products
Why is FMD virus so stable? - ANSWER✔✔-non-enveloped
How can the pH of meat be dropped to less than 6? - ANSWER✔✔-
hang meat @ 4C for 24 hrs
FMD -Which secretions, excretions, and tissues are contagious? -
ANSWER✔✔-all of them
FMD -What is the most common means of entry into an FMD-free
country? - ANSWER✔✔-Swill (uncooked garbage)
FMD -What is the most common means of spread once infection
enters a premise? - ANSWER✔✔-Aerosol
FMD -What influences rate of FMD spread? - ANSWER✔✔-Animal
density -Ventilation -etc.
Species roles in FMD spread - ANSWER✔✔-amplifying hosts -indicator
hosts -maintenance hosts
, Amplifying Hosts: species, why - ANSWER✔✔-Pigs, -produce the most
airborne FMD virus per day
What was the original reason for establishing the national poultry
improvement plan? - ANSWER✔✔ Eradicate Pullorm disease, caused
by Salmonella pullorm which caused upwards of 80% mortality in
baby poultry
What are some important determinants of vector borne disease
transmission? - ANSWER✔✔survival and reproduction/biting rate/
pathogen incubation rate
How is Malaria affected by climate? el nino? - ANSWER✔✔ Generally
increases in wetter/humid times of the year which could impact
disease rates with climate change
Five fold increase in years after el nino
Why do Flu viruses mutate so much? - ANSWER✔✔RNA virus, so poor
fidelity when replicating
Which influenza strains can be highly pathogenic? - ANSWER✔✔
H5/H7
Why does high path AI affect the meat of poultry but not low path? -
ANSWER✔✔High path cause viremia infecting all tissues, low path
typically onl affects respiratory +/- GI
