RATED A+| 2026
General Revenue
Taxes collected without a specific purpose or project other than con nued opera ons of
government.
Local Taxes
property tax and sales tax
State Taxes
Property tax, income tax, and sales tax
Federal Taxes
Income tax
Earmarks
Taxes assigned to specific projects or specific funding categories (I.e., gas tax or tolls)
General Obliga on Bonds
Bonds guaranteed through taxa on power that require voter approval
Cer ficate of Obliga on Bonds
Bonds guaranteed through taxa on power that do not require voter approval
Revenue Bonds
Bonds covered by specific rather than general revenue
Laws Become Regula ons Process
1. Rules are proposed and published for public comment with no ce and deadline
2. Comments are collected and published publicly
3. Comments are addressed
—If comments introduce persuasive new data or difficult cri cisms, the agency may start over
—If minor changes, agency proceeds to a final rule
4. Final rule has an effec ve date, at which point the rule becomes code
, CFR
Code of Federal Regula ons
-Title 23: Highways
-Title 24: Housing and Urban Development
-Title 36: Parks, forests, and public property
-Title 40: Protec on of the environment
-Title 49: Transporta on
TAC
Texas Administra ve Code
-Title 10: Community development
-Title 13: Cultural resources
-Title 30: Environmental quality
-Title 31: Natural resources and conserva on
-Title 43: Transporta on
Who leaves comments?
-Regular ci zens
-Affected state and local agencies and interest groups
-Industries
-Other
Where are comments published?
-Federal register
-Texas register
Engineering Law
Protects the public health, safety, and welfare and iden fies those licensed to and responsible
for: prac cing engineering, calling themselves an engineer, and using the term "engineer" in
their profession
Qualifica ons
Includes people, experience, past work, and references
Hiring an Engineer
1. Request for qualifica ons
2. Request for proposals
3. Interviews