PSC 135 MT 2 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

PSC 135 MT 2 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 The lesion analysis method used in studies of human brain function primarily involves - Answers testing patients with brain damage to identify cognitive brain mechanisms Localization of mental functions in the brain is an idea that gained support from: - Answers Paul Broca's studies of patients with language disorders Korbinian Brodmann used _______ techniques to document 52 regions of the brain that differed in ________ - Answers tissue staining/cytoarchitectonics The temporal lobe likely bears this name because - Answers it lies beneath the area of the scalp where hair grays with age The central sulcus is an anatomical landmark that separates the ____ lobe from the ____ lobe - Answers frontal/parietal Communication between the two hemispheres of the brain occurs mainly through the - Answers corpus callosum All of the following terms refer to the same cortical region that processes visual input EXCEPT: - Answers Heschl's gyrus The part of the thalamus that is most important in relaying information from the retina to the primary visual cortex is the - Answers lateral geniculate nucleus Following a focal brain injury, a patient shows great difficulty in discriminating tones that differ in sound frequency (high vs low). Which area of the cortex is most likely affected? - Answers the superior temporal lobe Areas of the brain where neural activity is relatively high are characterized by - Answers increased regional blood flow You are interested in a particular type of neuron in the occipital lobe that you believe is responsible for processing information about motion. What type of neurophysiological technique would best allow you to assess this hypothesis in a living animal? - Answers single-cell recording The term _______ is used to describe the situation in with patient group 1 (e.g., brain lesion in area A) is impaired on task X and unimpaired on task Y, and patient group 2 (e.g., brain lesion in area B) is unimpaired on task X and impaired on task Y. - Answers Double dissociation A patient has an injury to the parietal lobe and has a selective deficit in processing information about the spatial location of visual stimuli (it. no object perception deficit). You hypothesize that this region of the brain is distinct in function from other visual areas in the occipital lobe, in which you suspect object information is processed. In order to establish the difference between the two functions and two brain regions, you would need to find another person who had damage to the ______________________ - Answers occipital lobe and had only an object perception deficit The technique known as _________ can be used to induce virtual (temporary) lesions in healthy humans. - Answers TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation) The best tool for studying the timing of brain activity is ____ - Answers EEG(electroencephalography) The best tool for studying the locations of brain activity is ____ - Answers fMRI (functional MRI) EEG recordings reflect______ - Answers the postsynaptic activity of large populations of neurons in the brain Information from the left visual field first enters cortex in the ____ occipital lobe - Answers right The visual hierarchy from the retina to the inferior temporal cortex is characterized by a systematic _______ in receptive field neurons at each stage (area) - Answers Increase in size It is possible to find patients who have brain damage and cannot recognize faces, but can perceive movement, as well as patients with the inverse pattern (trouble with movement perception, but no problem with face recognition) - Answers true A neuron that was specialized for the processing of faces in macaque monkeys would be most likely to be found in ____ - Answers temporal lobe Hermann Von Helmoholtz, the great German psychophysicist, studied visual attention by observing his own abilities to process brief presentations (stimuli flashed for 100 msec) of complex stimulus scenes. He observed that he could _____ - Answers could detect some stimuli that he was not looking directly at Changes in sensory-evoked brain responses (ERPs) generated by activity in area V1 as a function of selective attention would provide support for ____ - Answers early-selection models of attention All of the following statements about early-selection and late-selection models of attention are true EXCEPT: - Answers Late-selection models argue that processing in sensory systems is influenced by attention There is a selective increase in the amplitude of sensory-evoked responses (ERPs from visual cortex) to a given visual stimulus compared to other stimuli when: - Answers human subjects are covertly attending the stimulus Bilateral simultaneous extinction of sensory stimuli in patients with hemispatial neglect means that these patients usually only detect a stimulus in the hemifield contralateral to the lesioned hemisphere when: - Answers the stimulus is presented alone in the visual field Brain damage resulting in disorders of attention such as hemispatial neglect occur most commonly with lesions to: - Answers the right hemisphere Which brain network is most closely associated with hemispatial neglect in patients: - Answers the ventral attention network of the right hemisphere Looking someone in the eyes at a party while they talk to you, but while you are attending to the conversation of the couple next to you, is an example of _______ - Answers covert attention During visual selective attention, _______ process in the frontal and parietal lobes result in ________ of relevant stimuli in the visual cortex - Answers control/selection Hemispatial neglect can be considered a disorder of____ - Answers attention A patient has bilateral occipital-parietal lesions following a stroke, and has trouble with visual perception such that he can only see one object at a time. This patient has_____ - Answers Balint's Syndrome A monkey has been trained to perform a visual spatial selective attention task. A micro electrode is placed in its visual cortex to record the activity of single neurons. When the monkey selectively attends a stimulus flashed within the recorded neuron's receptive field, the investigator will observe that the recorded neuron's firing rate _____ - Answers none of the above Selective attention and behavioral arousal are essentially the same thing. - Answers FALSE Sub threshold electrical stimulation of the frontal eye fields (FEF) in humans or monkeys leads to _____ - Answers facilitation of processing in visual cortex for stimuli presented to the location in space the eyes would have moved The dorsal attention network controls______, while the right ventral attention networks is involved in ______ - Answers voluntary attention/alerting to unexpected stimuli Studies of mind, brain and behavior involve techniques from: - Answers neuroscience, psychology, neurology/neuropsychology, & computational modeling. NOT-autonomic physiology Localization of mental function is an old idea that gained support from - Answers Both A and B. Paul Broca's studies of patients with language disorders. Karl Wernicke's studies of patients with language disorders. Phrenologists of the nineteenth century believed that bumps on the skull could indicate the psychological makeup of individuals because: - Answers It was believed that function was localized in the brain. It was held that increases in a given function produced increased brain size and hence a bump in the skull. Results of the Posner spatial cueing task showed that cueing subjects to the location of an upcoming target decreased their reaction time to detect it because attention enhanced perceptual processing for the target. - Answers this finding is most consistent with: early-selection models of attention. One finding demonstrated by the posner spatial cueing task is that: - Answers the focus of attention can be moved separately from eye fixation Covert-Selective Attention: - Answers You voluntarily listen to conversation X (occurring behind you at party) while looking at the person you're "having" a conversation with. Overt-Selecive Attention: - Answers you voluntary shift your eyes & attention to the clock instead of the professor to give that your attention. Patients with hemispatial neglect following unilateral brain damage are unable to detect a visual stimulus presented on the contralesional side of space - Answers if this stimulus is presented at the same time as a stimulus on the ipsilesional side of the visual field All of the following describe differences between early-selection and late-selection models of attention - Answers Except: Early selection models argue that capacity is unlimited. Early selection models argue that selection occurs prior to semantic analysis of stimuli. Late selection models argue that perceptual processing is automatic. Late selection models argue that a stimulus may be categorized or even identified prior to selection. What is meant by perceptual processing is automatic? - Answers Scientist who favor late selection argue that perceptual processing occurs automatically and thus selection occurs after processing. Current general results of studies of visual attention - Answers Directing attention to a visual stimulus can cause an increase in the activity of visual cortical cells and these effects are most robust for extra striated visual regions. During a particular boring lecture, you carefully note the time on a clock that is mounted on the sidewall of the classroom while keeping your eyes fixated on the professor's face - Answers covert attention, you aren fixating your eyes on the object of attention Information delivered to the right hemisphere in a split-brain patient, can be investigated by - Answers asking the subject to point to pictures with the left hand A patient with a stroke that damages the right hemisphere will show reduced ability to solve visual-spatial task, such as matching the shapes of colored blocks to a picture of a polygon - Answers TRUE Information delivered to the right hemisphere in a split-brain patient, can be investigated by - Answers asking the subject to point to pictures with the left hand speech is predominately - Answers left