WGU D430 / C836 Fundamentals of Information Security-
Security (PSNO) Study guide Exam Questions with Key
Marking Scheme Updated 2025/2026
Which security type deliberately exposes a system’s vulnerabilities or resources to an
attacker correct answer Honeypots
An organization employs a VPN to safeguard its information. Which security principle is
protected by a VPN correct answer Data in motion
A malicious hacker was successful in a denial of service (DoS) attack against an
institution’s mail server. Fortunately, no data was lost or altered while the server was
offline. Which type of attack is this correct answer Interruption
A company has had several successful denial of service (DoS) attacks on its email
server. Which security principle is being attacked correct answer Availability
Which tool can be used to map devices on a network, along with their operating system
types and versions correct answer Port scanner
Which web attack is a server-side attack correct answer SQL injection
A new start-up company has started working on a social networking website. The
company has moved all its source code to a cloud provider and wants to protect this
source code from unauthorized access.
Which cyber defense concept should the start-up company use to maintain the
confidentiality of its source code correct answer File encryption
A company has an annual audit of installed software and data storage systems. During
the audit, the auditor asks how the company’s most critical data is used. This
determination helps the auditor ensure that the proper defense mechanisms are in
place to protect critical data.
, Which principle of the Parkerian hexad is the auditor addressing correct answer
Utility
Which web attack is possible due to a lack of input validation correct answer SQL
injection
Which file action implements the principle of confidentiality from the CIA triad correct
answer Encryption
Which cyber defense concept suggests limiting permissions to only what is necessary to
perform a particular task correct answer Principle of least privilege
A company institutes a new policy that “All office computer monitors must face toward
employees and must face away from doorways. The monitor screens must not be
visible to people visiting the office.”
Which principle of the CIA triad is this company applying correct answer Confidentiality
At a small company, an employee makes an unauthorized data alteration. Which
component of the CIA triad has been compromised correct answer Integrity
An organization plans to encrypt data in transit on a network. Which aspect of data is
the organization attempting to protect correct answer Integrity
Which aspect of the CIA triad is violated by an unauthorized database roll back or undo
correct answer Integrity
A company’s website has suffered several denial of service (DoS) attacks and wishes to
thwart future attacks. Which security principle is the company addressing correct
answer Availability
Security (PSNO) Study guide Exam Questions with Key
Marking Scheme Updated 2025/2026
Which security type deliberately exposes a system’s vulnerabilities or resources to an
attacker correct answer Honeypots
An organization employs a VPN to safeguard its information. Which security principle is
protected by a VPN correct answer Data in motion
A malicious hacker was successful in a denial of service (DoS) attack against an
institution’s mail server. Fortunately, no data was lost or altered while the server was
offline. Which type of attack is this correct answer Interruption
A company has had several successful denial of service (DoS) attacks on its email
server. Which security principle is being attacked correct answer Availability
Which tool can be used to map devices on a network, along with their operating system
types and versions correct answer Port scanner
Which web attack is a server-side attack correct answer SQL injection
A new start-up company has started working on a social networking website. The
company has moved all its source code to a cloud provider and wants to protect this
source code from unauthorized access.
Which cyber defense concept should the start-up company use to maintain the
confidentiality of its source code correct answer File encryption
A company has an annual audit of installed software and data storage systems. During
the audit, the auditor asks how the company’s most critical data is used. This
determination helps the auditor ensure that the proper defense mechanisms are in
place to protect critical data.
, Which principle of the Parkerian hexad is the auditor addressing correct answer
Utility
Which web attack is possible due to a lack of input validation correct answer SQL
injection
Which file action implements the principle of confidentiality from the CIA triad correct
answer Encryption
Which cyber defense concept suggests limiting permissions to only what is necessary to
perform a particular task correct answer Principle of least privilege
A company institutes a new policy that “All office computer monitors must face toward
employees and must face away from doorways. The monitor screens must not be
visible to people visiting the office.”
Which principle of the CIA triad is this company applying correct answer Confidentiality
At a small company, an employee makes an unauthorized data alteration. Which
component of the CIA triad has been compromised correct answer Integrity
An organization plans to encrypt data in transit on a network. Which aspect of data is
the organization attempting to protect correct answer Integrity
Which aspect of the CIA triad is violated by an unauthorized database roll back or undo
correct answer Integrity
A company’s website has suffered several denial of service (DoS) attacks and wishes to
thwart future attacks. Which security principle is the company addressing correct
answer Availability
